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Understanding Adjective Declension in Greek: Cases, Genders, and Usage

This lesson covers the declension of Greek adjectives, which varies in five cases, three genders, and two numbers. It emphasizes the three termination sets for first and second declension adjectives: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Additionally, it explains how to identify feminine endings and the importance of agreement in case, gender, and number between adjectives and the nouns they modify. The lesson also differentiates between attributive and predicate positions, providing practical examples for better understanding.

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Understanding Adjective Declension in Greek: Cases, Genders, and Usage

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  1. Preview Lesson 17Adjectives

  2. Adjective Declension • Adjectives decline in 5 cases, 3 genders, 2 numbers. • Most adjectives of first/second declension have three sets of terminations: masculine (&oj),feminine (&h or &a), neuter (&on). • Adjectives of first/second declension whose stems do not end in e( i( or r have &h in feminine. • All words in vocabulary # 113 are &h type in feminine. • Most dictionaries list adjectives thus:avgaqo,j &h &on) • Put &h &on after each word on vocabulary cards to show fem./neut. endings. • Add o[loj &h &on – whole. • See # 115 for declension of avgaqo,j.

  3. Note that endings are same as corresponding nouns. • Accent is “persistent.” • Gen. fem. pl. does not take automatic circumflex on ultima as noun does. • Circumflex in gen. and dat. is by oxytone rule.

  4. Adjective Usage • Adjective must agree in case, gender, and number with noun it modifies (# 117). • tou/ pistou/ dou,lou • th|/ prw,th| h`me,ra| • kalh|/ o`dw|/ • Attributive and predicate “position” (#118-119) • Attributive adjective – describes, qualifies, tells which one. • Attributive position: Article immediately precedes adjective. • o` pisto,j dou/loj = the faithful servant • o` dou/loj o` pisto,j = the faithful servant • dou/loj o` pisto,j = the faithful servant • Predicate adjective – makes additional statement • Predicate position: Article does not immediately precede adjective. • Verb may be expressed or understood (supplied in translation). • o` dou/loj pisto,j = the servant is faithful • pisto,j o` dou/loj = the servant is faithful

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