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Properties of Solids

Properties of Solids. Classifying Solids. Solids can be classified according to Arrangement of particles: Amorphous solids – particles arrangements lack order (rubber & glass) Crystalline solids – with organized particle arrangements and as a result a distinct shape

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Properties of Solids

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  1. Properties of Solids

  2. Classifying Solids Solids can be classified according to • Arrangement of particles: Amorphous solids– particles arrangements lack order (rubber & glass) Crystalline solids– with organized particle arrangements and as a result a distinct shape • Bonds that hold them together (i.e. Ionic, covalent)

  3. Properties of Solids • Properties of solids depend on the forces between particles • 4 types of solids • Ionic (cation and anion) • Metallic (metals) • Molecular (nonmetals) • Covalent Network (metalloid/carbon)

  4. Ionic Crystals • High melting point • Hard, brittle • High solubility in water • Electrolytes (in solution)

  5. Metallic Crystals • Positive nuclei surrounded by loosely held valence electrons (metals have low ionization energies) • Creates a delocalized “sea” of valence electrons

  6. Metallic Crystals

  7. Metallic Crystals

  8. Molecular Crystals • Soft • Low melting point • Nonelectrolytes

  9. Covalent Network Crystals • Very hard and brittle • Very high melting points • Nonelectrolytes

  10. Covalent Network Crystals • Carbon forms several allotropes (different forms) of network solids including the arrangement in graphite vs. diamond. • These arrangements give each type of network different chemical and physical properties.

  11. Practice • Unknown Solids Worksheet • Solids Research Worksheet • P. 273 #1-5, 7 • P. 276 #1-8

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