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Fish Parasites as Indicators of Aquatic Resources

Fish Parasites as Indicators of Aquatic Resources. D. Dorfman Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ. Abstract.

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Fish Parasites as Indicators of Aquatic Resources

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  1. Fish Parasites as Indicators of Aquatic Resources D. DorfmanMonmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ

  2. Abstract • Biota utilizing fresh water, estuarine, and marine resources can be determined by various degrees of field surveys. When time is of the essence, and financial constraints demand more rapid responses for environmental assessments, literature reviews and federal and state reports can assist in plant and animal determinations of particular sites. To verify some of the available data, and to perhaps extend the data of organisms that may not be indicated, use of fish verified as in or around the site may be noted. The surveyor could then go to a checklist of parasites reported for these fish species (e.g. Hoffman, 1999, Anderson, 2000, Gibson, 1996), record these, then from the literature on these parasites, examine their life histories. The obtained data can add, measurably, to other species utilizing the site whether they are temporary or seasonal users of the site being studied (especially for birds, and invertebrates). For example a checklist for Fundulus heteroclitus (Hoffman, 1999) indicates that they are parasitized by 12 protozoa, seven monogenea, nine trematoda, two cestoidea, four nematoda, three acanthocephala, and five crustacea. The life histories of these parasites involve many intermediate and final hosts that could be added to the list of organisms that may be using the study site.

  3. Fundulus diaphanus, banded killifish • Protozoa • Myxobolus diaphanous • M. funduli • M. subtecalis • Monogenea • Ancyrocephalus angularis • Gyrodactylus avalonis • G. prolongis • g. stegurus • Salsuginis angularis • S. funduli

  4. Fundulus diaphanus (cont.) • Trematoda • Allocreadium commune • Asymphlodora sp. • Clinostomum complanatum • Crassiphiala bulboglossa • Creptotrema funduli • Diplostomulum sp. • Homalometron pallidum • Neascus pyriformis • Neascus sp. • Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus • Petasiger sp. • Posthodiplostomum minimum • Rhipidocotyle septpapillata

  5. Trematodes

  6. Trematodes

  7. Trematodes

  8. Trematodes

  9. Trematodes

  10. Fundulus diaphanus (cont.) • Cestoidea • Bothriocephalus rarus • Dilepis sp. • Parvitaenia sp. • Proteocephalus ambloplitis • Proteocephalus sp. • Nematoda • Cucullanus sp. • Cystidicola sp. • Eustrongylides sp. • Hedruris sp. • Rhabdochona sp. • Spiroxys sp.

  11. Nematodes

  12. Nematodes

  13. Fundulus diaphanus (cont.) • Acanthocephala • Acanthocephalus sp. • Leptorhynchoides thecatus • Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus • Neoechinorhynchus sp. • Octospiniferoides sp. • Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli • Mollusca • Elliptio complanata • Crustacea • Ergasilus lizae

  14. Acanthocephala

  15. Acanthocephala

  16. Fundulus majalis, striped killifish • Protozoa • Chloromyxum renalis • Myxobolus funduli • Oodinium cyprinodontum • Trematoda • Ascocotyle angrense • A. diminuta • Acanthocephala • Rhadinorhynchus pristis • Crustacea • Argulus funduli • Ergasilus manicatus

  17. Fundulus heteroclitus, mummichog • Parasites • Protozoa • Eimeria funduli • Eimeria sp. • Glugea hertwigi • Kudoa sp. • Myxidium folium • Myxobolus bilineatum • M. funduli • M. hudsonius • M. subtecalis • Oodinium cyprinodontum • Plistophora sp. • Sphaerospora renalis

  18. Fundulus heteroclitus (cont.) • Trematoda • Ascocotyle angrense • A. diminuta • Clinostonum complanatum • Crepidostomum cooperi • Diplostomulum nassa • Echinochasmusschwartzi • Homalometron pallidum • Stephanoprora denticulate • Tetracotyle sp.

  19. Fundulus heteroclitus (cont.) • Cestoidea • Cyclustera sp. • Proteocephalus sp. • Nematoda • Contracaecum spiculigerum • Dichelyne bullocki • D. lintoni • Eustrongylides sp.

  20. Tapeworm

  21. Tapeworm

  22. Fundulus heteroclitus (cont.) • Monogenea • Gyrodactylus foxi • G. prolongus • G. stephanus • Gyrodactylus sp. • Salsuginis angularis • S. heteroclite • Swingleus sp.

  23. Fundulus heteroclitus (cont.) • Acanthocephala • Fessisentis freidi • Neochinorhynchus cylindratus • N. rutili • Crustacea • Argulus funduli • Ergasilus funduli • E. lizae • E. monicatus • Livoneca ovalis

  24. Complexities of a Food Web

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