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Pooling and Sharing : Ideas Whose Time Have Come?

Žaneta Ozoliņa University of Latvia. Pooling and Sharing : Ideas Whose Time Have Come?. Issues to be addressed. What does pooling and sharing mean? Why now? What has been congratulated so far? Issues of concern. Is it a new concept?.

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Pooling and Sharing : Ideas Whose Time Have Come?

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  1. Žaneta Ozoliņa University of Latvia Pooling and Sharing: Ideas Whose Time Have Come?

  2. Issues to be addressed • What does pooling and sharing mean? • Why now? • What has been congratulated so far? • Issues of concern

  3. Is it a new concept? • “there is need for burden sharing, adequate defense expenditures, and increased cooperation” • When was it stated? - 1988

  4. What does P&S mean? • Sharing of capabilities: Member States provide national capabilities to common use without multinational overhead or integrated structure • Pooling of capabilities: National capabilities for common use with multinational overhead or integrated structure

  5. What does P&S mean? • Pooling through acquisition: national capabilities do not exist and are substituted in favour of multilateral capabilities, and the multilateral organization owns the assets • Role sharing:national capabilities are relinguished on the assumption that another country will make it available when necessary. • Pooling of EU Member States Assets in the Implementation of ESDP, 2008.

  6. Is there something new? Two substantial questions • Operational effectiveness - Does the common activity lead to the same or higher degree of operational effect • Economic efficiency - Does the common activity lead to an economically constant or even more efficient use of resources compared to a national approach?

  7. What is the position of Member States? • France – supportive and critical about EU nations that “slash military spending” • Britain hesitant and skeptical (EDA) • Majority neutral – “wait and see” policy • All critical about Mrs Ashton

  8. Why now? • Financial crisis • In-put/out-put logic • Increasing tasks/decreasing funds • Transformation of defence forces • Transformation of institutional arrangements and their responsibilities • Strengthening national capabilities

  9. One example of the impact of financial crisis

  10. Crisis – perspective is lost

  11. What has been congratulated so far? Regional initiatives (NORDEFCO) List of common projects Audit of capabilities

  12. Top 10 prioritiesdefined • Counter Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) • Medical Support • Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance • Increased Availability of Helicopters • Cyber Defence • Multinational Logistic Suppor • CSDP Information Exchange • Strategic and Tactical Airlift Management • Fuel and Energy • Mobility Assurance

  13. Issuesofconcern • Diversity of views on CSDP – ranging from criticism that the Member States are not delivering the military capabilities they have promised, to concern about the creeping militarisation of EU crisis management. • The EU has never deployed the EU Battlegroups. Capability generation and force generation are still not linked up.

  14. Issuesofconcern • The success of the EDA is limited. • Started with a broad mandate, but the Member States imposed range of limitations. • The tiny operational budget - gives limited room for maneuver.

  15. Issuesofconcern • The EU is losing its strategic scope. Member States still answer the question “why European security?” in different ways. • EEAS does not help to answer this question. • Cooperation with NATO is decisive. • What is the added value? • How strategic is EU CFSP and CSDP?

  16. Insteadofconclusions • Each Member State should consider three key questions: - Can national objectives be achieved without a common EU defence capacity? - How should growing interdependencies be addressed? - What is the price to pay to preserve national sovereignty through national capabilities? - How to ensure effective cooperation with NATO?

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