1 / 39

RUSSIA

RUSSIA . MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES. WORLD’S LARGEST TERRITORIAL STATE NORTHERNMOST LARGE AND POPULOUS COUNTRY IN THE WORLD A FORMER WORLD COLONIAL POWER A COMPARATIVELY SMALL (142 MILLION) AND CONCENTRATED POPULATION CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT MULTICULTURAL STATE MINIMAL PORTS.

myrilla
Télécharger la présentation

RUSSIA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. RUSSIA

  2. MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES • WORLD’S LARGEST TERRITORIAL STATE • NORTHERNMOST LARGE AND POPULOUS COUNTRY IN THE WORLD • A FORMER WORLD COLONIAL POWER • A COMPARATIVELY SMALL (142 MILLION) AND CONCENTRATED POPULATION • CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT • MULTICULTURAL STATE • MINIMAL PORTS

  3. SIZE, LOCATION, AND SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS • LATITUDINAL EXTENT • NORTHERNMOST POINT: RUDOLF ISLAND IN FRANZ JOSEF LAND (82O) • SOUTHERNMOST POINT: GROZNYY IN WEST AND VLADIVOSTOK IN EAST (44O) • LONGITUDINAL EXTENT • MORE THAN TWICE ITS MAXIMUM NORTH-SOUTH EXTENT AND EXTENDS ACROSS 11 TIME ZONES • RUSSIA MAKES UP 76.6% OF THE TOTAL TERRITORY OF THE FORMER USSR (ALMOST TWICE THE SIZE OF THE US OR CHINA).

  4. LOCATIONAL IMPACT ON RUSSIA’S CLIMATE? 80º 60º 40º 20º

  5. CLIMATOLOGY • CLIMATE • AVERAGE WEATHER CONDITIONS FOR A GIVEN AREA OVER AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME, USUALLY 30 YEARS. • WEATHER • REFERS TO THE ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS AT A SPECIFIC PLACE AND TIME (TEMPORARY CONDITIONS) • CLIMATOLOGY • A BRANCH OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY • CONCERNED WITH: • SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF CLIMATES OVER THE SURFACE OF THE EARH • PROCESSES WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF CLIMATES

  6. RUSSIAN CLIMATE • AFFECTED BY 3 NATURAL CONDITIONS: -- LATITUDINAL POSITION -- CONTINENTAL POSITION -- LOCATION OF MAJOR MOUNTAINS

  7. CLIMATE

  8. CLIMATE AS A RESTRICTIVE ELEMENT • AGRICULTURE • SHORT GROWING SEASONS • DROUGHT PRONE • EROSION (ACCELERATED BY SNOW MELT) • SETTLEMENT PATTERNS & TRANSPORTATION, see map on pg 126 • INDUSTRY • HIGH ENERGY CONSUMPTION • EXTRACTIVE • PERMAFROST IN FAR NORTH • SPRING AND FALL MUD • SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES - $$$

  9. EARLY 16TH CENTURY(IVAN THE TERRIBLE- 1547-1584) EVOLUTION OF THE CURRENT STATE

  10. END OF THE 17TH CENTURY(PETER THE GREAT- 1682-1725) EVOLUTION OF THE CURRENT STATE

  11. EARLY 20TH CENTURY EVOLUTION OF THE CURRENT STATE

  12. GROWTH OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

  13. REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN REALM

  14. PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS • RUSSIAN PLAIN • EASTWARD CONTINUATION OF NORTH EUROPEAN LOWLAND • CORE AREA (MOSCOW BASIN) • URAL MOUNTAINS • 2,000 MILES LONG (NORTH-SOUTH) • YIELD A VARIETY OF MINERALS • WEST SIBERIAN PLAIN • WORLD’S LARGEST UNBROKEN LOWLAND • PERMAFROST IN THE FAR NORTH

  15. RUSSIA’S PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS

  16. PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS(continued) • CENTRAL SIBERIAN PLATEAU • SPARSELY POPULATED, TEMPERATURE EXTREMES, PERMAFROST • YAKUTSK BASIN • MOUNTAINOUS, HIGH RELIEF • EASTERN HIGHLANDS • RANGES, RIDGES, PRECIPITOUS VALLEYS, VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS, LAKE BAYKAL • CENTRAL ASIAN RANGES • RISE ABOVE THE SNOW LINE, GLACIATED • CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS • EXTENSION OF THE ALPINE SYSTEM

  17. POLITICAL FRAMEWORK • SOVIET LEGACY • REVOLUTION (1905-1917); Read caption, pg 119 and pg 111. • BOLSHEVIKS VERSUS MENSHEVIKS • V.I. LENIN • CAPITAL: PETROGRAD TO MOSCOW (1918) • USSR (UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS) 1924 -1991; consisting of 15 states. • RUSSIFICATION – spread ofRussian culture and population. Including the replacement of ethnic peoples with Russians, esp. in non-Russian republics.

  18. FORMER SOVIET UNION

  19. ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK • CENTRALLY PLANNED (EARLY 1920s) • MAJOR OBJECTIVES • COLLECTIVIZE AGRICULTURE • SPEED INDUSTRIALIZATION • A COMMAND ECONOMY IS ONE IN WHICH THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION ARE OWNED AND CONTROLLED BY THE STATE AND IN WHICH CENTRAL PLANNING OF THE STRUCTURE AND THE OUTPUT PREVAILS • FEATURES OF THE SOVIET ECONOMY • PRODUCTION OF PARTICULAR MANUFACTURED GOODS IN PARTICULAR PLACES • ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE OF THE REPUBLICS

  20. SOVIETLEADERS • CZARIST MONARCHY (<1917) • LENIN • STALIN • KRUSHCHEV • BREZHNEV • GORBACHEV

  21. SOVIET LEADERS LENIN (1917 - 1924) • INTRODUCED MARXIST PHILOSOPHY • REPLACED PRIVATE WITH PUBLIC OWNERSHIP • DEVELOPED NATIONAL ECONOMIC PLANS

  22. SOVIET LEADERS STALIN (1924 - 1953) • ALL ASSETS NATIONALIZED • CREATION OF HUGE CENTRALIZED STATE TO CONTROL ALL ASPECTS OF SOVIET LIFE • PURGES OF DISSIDENTS • COLLECTIVIZED FARMING – took land away from farmers • CONCENTRATION ON HEAVY INDUSTRY AT EXPENSE OF AGRICULTURE

  23. SOVIET LEADERS KRUSHCHEV (1953 - 1964) • GREATER EMPHASIS ON AGRICULTURE • VIRGIN LANDS PROGRAM – SEMIARID PASTURES INTO IRRIGATED WHEAT FIELDS • ULTIMATELY LED TO ARAL SEA ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER (pg 394 & next slide).

  24. Aral Sea Disaster • See pg 373

  25. SOVIET LEADERS BREZHNEV (1964 - 1982) • HEIGHT OF THE COLD WAR • MILITARY/INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY • ECONOMIC STAGNATION (esp. AGRICULTURE)

  26. SOVIET LEADERS MIKHAIL GORBACHEV (1985 - 1991) • INITIATED ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL REFORM • PERESTROIKA • RESTRUCTURING • INTENDED TO PRODUCE MAJOR CHANGES TO BOTH THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SYSTEM • ECONOMIC AIM: TO CATCH UP WITH WESTERN ECONOMIES • POLITICAL AIM: REFORM OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY • GLASNOST • POLICY OF ENCOURAGING GREATER OPENNESS IN BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL AFFAIRS

  27. COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION(CONDITIONS IN 1990 & 1991) • A SHARP DECLINE IN AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION • ECONOMIC OUTPUT DOWN BY 4% IN 1990 & 10-15% IN FIRST HALF OF 1991 • INTENSIFICATION OF ETHNO-CULTURAL NATIONALISM& SEPARATISM, WHICH THREATENED THE UNITY OF THE SOVIET UNION. • STEADY EROSION OF COMMUNIST PARTY MONOPOLY ON POWER

  28. COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION(CONDITIONS IN 1990 & 1991) • LEAD TO THE EMERGENCE OF A “COMMONWEALTH” OF SLAVIC COUNTRIES TO REPLACE THE SOVIET UNION • COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES • THE RESIGNATION OF PRESIDENT GORBACHEV

  29. RUSSIA’S CURRENT ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

  30. RUSSIAN ETHNICITY

  31. CHECHNYA • WHY CHECHNYA DESERVES INDEPENDENCE • SEE REGION ON pg 128 and pg 141 • FOUGHT AGAINST THE RUSSIAN IMPERIALISTS TWO CENTURIES AGO • MASSIVE PERSECUTION DURING STALIN’S REIGN • 1991 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE • POINTS IN SUPPORT OF RUSSIAN CONTROL • FIGHTING AFTER INDEPENDENCE WAS DECLARED IN 1991 • CHECHENS ILLEGALLY INSTALLED A SEPARATIST LEADER • ATTACKS ON RUSSIANS & CHECHEN TERRORISM

  32. RUSSIA’S PROSPECTS • SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES • INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES/ MANUFACTURING CAPACITY • TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE • DECLINING POPULATION • INTERNAL FRICTION

  33. RUSSIA’S MANUFACTURING REGIONS (RUSSIAN CORE)

  34. OIL AND GAS REGIONS

  35. SIBERIA • LARGER THAN THE CONTINENTAL U.S., BUT LESS THAN 15 MILLION PEOPLE • VAST, CHALLENGING, UNTAPPED • CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENT • VAST DISTANCES • COLD TEMPERATURES, ARCTIC WINDS • POOR SOILS • RESOURCE POTENTIAL • OIL AND NATURAL GAS • METALLIC ORES • TIMBER

  36. ST PETERSBURG (LENINGRAD)

More Related