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The British Surrender at Yorktown: A Turning Point in the American Revolutionary War

In a stunning turn of events, the American Patriots, aided by European allies, achieved a remarkable victory at Yorktown. Key figures like Friedrich von Steuben, a talented Prussian drillmaster, and the young Marquis de Lafayette helped transform the militia into a formidable force. As British tactics shifted towards the southern colonies, General Cornwallis captured Charleston but faced fierce resistance from American forces led by Generals Greene and Morgan. The combined efforts of American and French troops culminated in the siege of Yorktown, leading to Cornwallis's surrender on October 19, 1781, and setting the stage for the Treaty of Paris and the recognition of American independence.

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The British Surrender at Yorktown: A Turning Point in the American Revolutionary War

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  1. Chapter 4,sec.4 Winning the War The British surrender at Yorktown

  2. Patriots have more than a little help from European Allies How the huge underdog is able to pull off the stunning upset

  3. Friedrich von Steuben • Prussian captain • Talented drillmaster • Tells Geo. Washington he can help • Will transform raw militia into a fighting force

  4. Marquis de Lafayette • 20 years old!!! • Aristocrat • Will endure Valley Forge • Will help to get French re-enforcements in 1779

  5. Britain changes war tactics • After Saratoga,they will focus on southern colonies • They hope to gain loyalist support,regain colony control, then move north • 1778-they take Savanna,Ga. • 1779-Georgia has a Royal governor

  6. Gen. Cornwallis (Britain) • 1780-he and Gen. Clinton capture Charleston,S.C. • Greatest British victory of the war • They capture 5500 patriots

  7. Gen. Cornwallis, cont. • He will conquer No./So. Carolina • His forces will be joined by escaped slaves • He establishes forts across the state • Successful for most of 1780 • Patriots force back to S.Carolina by year’s end

  8. 1781 • Washington will send Gen. Greene/Morgan To attack Gen. Cornwallis • Cornwallis counter-attacks at Cowpens,S.C. expects outnumbered Americans to flee, they don’t! • Redcoats defeated,surrender • Cornwallis will win next battle at Guilford Court house,but victory will be costly

  9. 1781,cont. • Gen. Greene(AM) asks Lafayette to get French help • Cornwallis will lead his 7500 man army to Yorktown • French have 6000 men in R.I. • Americans, French(with ships) combine forces, attack British at Yorktown • French navy defeats British navy, blockade the bay, no escape for the British!

  10. Siege of Yorktown • 17,000 FR./AM. Soldiers • They surround the British • Shell them for 3 weeks • His troops outnumbered 2-1,weakened,Cornwallis surrenders Oct. 17,1781 • Oct. 19,1781, formal surrender, troops lay down weapons

  11. Paris Peace Talks-1782 • Four members, Americans, France, England, and Spain • U.S. would not even begin talks until ALL recognize U.S. independence • Britain last to agree, talks begin

  12. Treaty of Paris • Confirms U.S. independence • Sets boundaries for the new nation • Natives,who did not get involved,or helped Britain, not protected • Loyalists left in the dark, promised legal rights, but did not get them

  13. Egalitarianism • Means new ideals for Americans!! • Lines between rich/poor become less distinct!!! • Respect for all!!! • Equality of all people!!! • Ability,effort,virtue, will define a person, not money or family!!!

  14. AS LONG AS YOU ARE A WHITE MAN!!!

  15. Slavery • By 1804,most northern states will outlaw it • Southern states make it easier to free slaves • Morality of the issue is debated • In the deep south, not so much • Reality is that most Africans are still enslaved, free blacks face discrimination and poverty

  16. Native Americans • They are faced with much uncertainty • Many of their communities have been destroyed • Many of the tribes have been displaced • Their population east of the Mississippi is down 50%! • Settlers keep pressing west, taking their land

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