Managing Weight and Eating Behaviors

1. Managing Weight and Eating Behaviors

2. DIET • What is a diet? • Everything you eat and drink? • Losing weight? • Watching what you eat? • Changing what you eat?

4. What is Body Image? • How you feel about your height, weight, and shape • How you feel in your body, not just about your body • We are our worst critics • Body Image - the way you see your body • What you believe about your appearance

5. Negative body image • A distorted perception of your shape • You think your shape is a sign of personal failure and everyone else is attractive • You feel self-conscious, ashamed, and anxious about your body • You feel uncomfortable and awkward

6. Positive Body Image • A clear true perception of your shape • Understanding a person’s shape says very little about their character and value • Feeling proud and accepting of your body http://www.ou.edu/swss/lybd99.gif

7. Fad Diets • Popular for a short time – come and go but rarely have a lasting effect • Examples • “Grapefruit diet,” “Cabbage soup diet,” “Hollywood liquid diet” “fasting” “diet pills” • Others… • Risks and Side effects

8. Weight Cycling (aka “seesaw dieting,” “yo-yo dieting”) • The cycle of losing, regaining, losing, and regaining • Rapid ups and downs

9. Eating Disorders

10. Eating Disorders • Females want to be 5’ 8” and 110 lbs • Males want to be 6’ + and muscular • Our society is obsessed with being thin along with psychological pressures result in eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa Thousands of people in the US Mainly ♀, but ♂ too

11. What is an Eating Disorder? • Behaviors surrounding weight and food issues

12. Types of Eating Disorders • Anorexia- Self-starvation • Bulimia- Binge and purge • Binge Eating- Compulsive eating

13. Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms • Intense fear of weight gain • Self-starvation • Loss of menstrual period • Resistance to maintain bodyweight • Depressed, low self-esteem and/or poor body image http://wso.williams.edu/orgs/peerh/images/anorexia.jpg

14. Warning Signs • Distorted body image • Dramatic weight loss • Obsessed with weight, food, calories • Refusal to eat certain foods • Denial of hunger • Anxiety about gaining weight • Consistent excuses to avoid mealtimes

15. Statistics about Anorexia • 90-95% of victims are female • 0.5-1% of American women suffer from Anorexia Nervosa • 5-20% will die • 10 million females and 1 million males struggle with anorexia or bulimia in the U.S.

16. Health Consequences • Abnormally slow heart rate and low blood pressure • Reduction of bone density • Muscle loss and weakness • Dry hair and skin, hair loss • Growth of a downy layer of hair (lanugo) to keep body warm • Loss of menstrual period http://www.hairlossadvisory.com/images/hair_loss_remedy.jpg

17. Bulimia Nervosa Symptoms • Regular intake of large amounts of food • Self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, fasting, or compulsive exercising • Extreme concern with body weight or shape • Daily routine http://nuttre.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/la_bulimia_1.jpg

18. Warning signs of Bulimia • Evidence of binge eating • Evidence of purging behaviors • Unusual swelling of cheeks or jaw area • Calluses on back of hands • Discoloration or staining of teeth • Withdrawal from friends

19. Statistics on Bulimia Nervosa • 1-2% of American women struggle with Bulimia • 80% of patients are female • People struggling with Bulimia will appear to be of average weight

20. Health consequences • Irregular heartbeats, heart failure, death • Inflammation and possible rupture of esophagus • Tooth decay • Chronic irregular bowel movements

21. Binge Eating Disorder (BED) • Characteristics: • Eating large quantities of food in a short period of time • Feeling out of control over eating behavior • Feeling ashamed or disgusted by behavior • Eating when not hungry or in secret • More common in males than any other eating disorder http://www.healthnews-stat.com/primages/binge-eating.jpg

22. Statistics about BED • Affects 1-5% of population • 60% female, 40% male • Associated with depression

23. Health Consequences of BED • High blood pressure • High cholesterol levels • Heart disease • Diabetes mellitus • Gallbladder disease ↓

24. Males and eating disorders • Fewer males than females • Involved with sports, entertainment, or modeling • Usually overweight • Try to improve athletic performance • i.e. wrestling

25. Why? • Psychological Factors • Social Factors • Interpersonal Factors • Other http://www.tvsa.co.za/mastershowimages/566_americas_next_top_model_468.jpg http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/09/28/Tyra_070829095609646_wideweb__300x375.jpg

26. How do we prevent eating disorders? • Promote self-esteem • Size acceptance • Celebrate the diversity in all sizes and shapes • Discourage meal skipping • Encourage eating in response to hunger, not emotions

27. What do we do? • Communicate care, concern, and a desire to talk about problems • Encourage them to seek help • Educate yourself • Be honest, supportive and patient • Know the differences between facts and myths • Be caring, but firm. • Compliment about positive qualities. • Be a good role model

28. What should I say? • Set time to talk. • Communicate your concerns. • Ask your friend to explore these concerns. • Avoid conflicts if they are defiant. • Avoid placing shame, blame, or guilt. • Avoid giving simple solutions. • Express your continued support.

29. ACT NOW • Ask to speak with your friend privately • Confront with concern and care • Tell your friend what you see that makes you feel concerned • Never continue the conversation if either of you becomes too emotional • Only professionals can diagnose, so don’t play therapist or caretaker • When you end the conversation, tell an adult immediately

30. What do we NOT do? • Don’t control the situation • Don’t blame yourself or others • Don’t give advice unless asked for it • Don’t nag or criticize • Don’t focus on food, size, or weight • Don’t expect them to change over night

31. Treatment and help • Therapists, counselors, social workers • Dietitians and nutritionists • Support groups • Hospital care

32. Remember to…. • Treat your body with respect • Fuel it with a variety of foods • Give it enough rest • Exercise moderately, not excessively • Resist judging yourself • Respect people based on their character NOT their appearance

33. Managing a Healthy Weight

34. HOW MANY CALORIES DO WE NEED? • EVERYONE IS DIFFERENT! IT’S BASED ON… • Age • Gender • Body Size • Growth Rate • Metabolic Rate • Physical Activity

35. MANAGING WEIGHT • PG. 291 • BMI= Body Mass Index which is the ratio of weight to height. Good indicator of health risks rather than just body weight • Underweight = <18.5 • Normal weight = 18.5-24.9 • Overweight = 25-29.9 • Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater - Remember: this may not be the best indicator

37. Overweight vs. Obesity • Overweight =heavier than standard weight for your height • Overweight may NOT be risky… • Body composition is a better measure for this.. • Ex. Football player • Obesity = having excess body fat • Very common in the US • More than 13% of teens in US are overweight 2 reasons for obesity: 1. sedentary lifestyle 2. poor eating habits http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpSfBp95NfQ&feature=PlayList&p=83370A58B5EAF72E&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=20

38. Risks of weighing too much Heart disease Cancer Asthma Osteoarthritis Gallbladder disease Type 2 diabetes • Affects self-esteem and social health

39. Underweight • Below the standard weight range for your height • Risks: hard to fight infection due to inadequate nutrients and energy, undernourished which leads to abnormal body functions • Higher risk to develop anemia (low iron)

40. Starting a Weight Control Plan • Target your weight • Set SMART/REALISTIC goals – lose ½ to 1 pound a week • Make a personal plan-eating/activity • Put goal and plan in WRITING • Evaluate Progress • PLATEAUS are normal

41. WEIGHT GAIN SMART WEIGHT LOSS STATEGIES WEIGHT LOSS Eat fewer calories Burn more calories Increase caloric intake Eat more times a day and have second helpings

42. Lifelong Nutrition

43. Nutritional Needs • EVERYONE IS DIFFERENT! • Age • Gender • Lifestyle • Health Needs • Activity level • Know yourself andwhat is healthy for you!