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Neurological Disease for AHS I

Neurological Disease for AHS I. Meningitis. Infection or inflammation of the meninges Caused by both bacteria and viral infections Symptoms – severe headache and stiff neck with pain Need to seek immediate medical attention. Meningitis.

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Neurological Disease for AHS I

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  1. Neurological Disease for AHS I

  2. Meningitis • Infection or inflammation of the meninges • Caused by both bacteria and viral infections • Symptoms – severe headache and stiff neck with pain • Need to seek immediate medical attention

  3. Meningitis • Inflammation of cranial meninges spreads to spinal meninges, which leads to excess production of CSF, causing HA, reduced pulse, slow breathing, and partial or total unconsciousness

  4. Lumbar Puncture • AKA Spinal Tap is a diagnostic test for examination of CSF • Removal of 5 to 20 ml of CSF from spinal canal • Needle puncture is between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae • CSF is examined for color, blood cells, bacteria, malignant cells, and glucose

  5. Epilepsy • Seizure disorder of the brain, characterized by recurring and excessive discharge from neurons • Seizures believed to be a result of spontaneous uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons • Cause – Uncertain • Diagnosed with EEG (electroencephalogram)

  6. Epilepsy • Victims may have hallucinations and seizures • Two types of seizures • 1. Grand Mal – severe, convulsive seizure. • 2. Petit Mal – milder (sometimes like someone is just staring) • Treatment is anticonvulsant medications

  7. Alzheimer’s Disease • Progressive disease that begins with problems remembering • Nerve endings in cortex of brain degenerate and block signals that pass between nerve cells • Abnormal fibers build up creating tangles • Cause is unknown

  8. Alzheimer’s Disease • First Stage (2-4 years) • Confusion • Short Term Memory Loss • Anxiety • Poor Judgement

  9. 2nd Stage (2-10 years) Increase in memory loss Difficulty recognizing people Motor problems Logic problems Loss of social skills 3rd Stage (1-3 years) Inability to recognize oneself Weight loss Seizures Mood swings Aphasia Alzheimer’s Disease

  10. Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) • Stroke or CVA • Interruption of blood and oxygen to the brain • Tissue death occurs • Third leading cause of death in the USA

  11. Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) • Risk Factors: • Smoking • Hypertension • Heart Disease • Family History

  12. Causes of CVA’s • 90% caused by blood clots in the brain or the carotid arteries • Clots lodge in carotid arteries, blocking the flow of blood to the brain • 10% caused by ruptured blood vessels in the brain

  13. Symptoms of CVA Hemiplegia on opposite side of the body • Sudden severe headache • Dizziness • Sudden loss of vision in one eye • Aphasia • Dysphasia • Coma • Possible Death

  14. Treatment of CVA • 1. Get to the hospital immediately! • 2. CAT scan done to determine etilology • 3. If a clot, treatment aimed at dissolving the clot – usually use TPA.

  15. Prevention of CVAs • If TIAs – one asprin a day • Stop smoking • Exercise and lose weight • Control hypertension

  16. Types of Paralysis • Paralysis – Loss of power of motion or sensation • Hemiplegia – paralysis on one side of body – usually seen with strokes • Quadriplegia – paralysis of all four extremtities • Paraplegia – paralysis of lower extremities only.

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