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Unit 3 Pre Civil War

Unit 3 Pre Civil War. Land Settlements Louisiana Purchase Missouri Compromise Land of Cotton Industrial Revolution. Louisiana Purchase. New ruler of France Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to build and expand a French empire Hoped to regain French land in North America

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Unit 3 Pre Civil War

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  1. Unit 3 Pre Civil War Land Settlements Louisiana Purchase Missouri Compromise Land of Cotton Industrial Revolution

  2. Louisiana Purchase • New ruler of France Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to build and expand a French empire • Hoped to regain French land in North America • In 1800 in a secret treaty was signed giving Louisiana and New Orleans back to France • Access to New Orleans was vital to American commerce • Farmers in the west needed to ship their goods down the river • 1802, port of New Orleans was closed to American shipping

  3. Lewis and Clark Expedition • Lewis and Clark Expedition • Americans knew very little about the people and land of this new territory • Didn’t even know the exact size and boundaries they purchased • Jefferson also wanted to see if there was a river route to the Pacific Ocean • Lewis and Clark • Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis was Jefferson’s secretary and William Clark was an experience frontiersman • Main Goal was to reach the Pacific Ocean • Left St Louis May 1804- returned September 106 • Along the way they acquired a valuable guide: a young Shoshone woman, Sacagawea • Able to document survey of the land, rivers, plants, animals and people http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29T_40F_Urc&feature=related

  4. Missouri Compromise • Missouri Compromise • 1819 Missouri applied to join the Union, but there were 22 states already in the Union: 11 free states and 11 slave states • In the North slavery was illegal and in the South slavery was legal • Adding Missouri would make it uneven • Compromise • Missouri added as a slave state, Maine added as a free state • Banned slavery in the Northern part of the Louisiana Territory north of 36 30 parallel

  5. Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution-replacement of human power with machine power • Began in Great Britain’s textile industry(clothing industry) • Late 1700’s a series of machines were invented that used power from running water and steam engines to spin and weave cloth • British made it illegal for anyone with knowledge of industrial machines to leave the country http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvc

  6. Samuel Slater • Worked at a textile mill in Great Britain and boarded a ship dressed as a farm laborer • Known as the father of the Industrial Revolution • Built a textile mill on a river which became the first US textile mill • Urbanization • Industrialization leads to urbanization • People left the farm for the cities to work in mills and factories

  7. Transportation Revolution • Transportation and Communication • Roads and Canals • National Road was built in 1811: 800 miles from Cumberland Maryland to Vandalia Illinois • Erie Canal-1825 • 363 mile long canal connected the Great lakes to the Hudson River and to the Atlantic Ocean • Cost of shipping and the shipping time decreased • Led to New York City becoming a gateway for domestic and foreign trade

  8. Steamboat • 1807 Robert Fulton started the first steamboat service with his steamboat the Clermont • Railroads • 1840 there were 3,000 miles of track in the country • Led to the decline in the canal craze • Telegraph • 1840 Samuel Morse patented the first telegraph-sends messages through electricity in wires • Telegraph wires would soon crisscross the nation • Industrial Revolution was accompanied by a transportation revolution and a communication revolution

  9. King Cotton • King Cotton • Cotton gin: invented by Eli Whitney allowed a worker to clean 50 times more cotton than by hand • Demand for cotton was high in the south both at home and abroad • With the textile industries booming in the North cotton was needed • Combination of the new cotton gin and the huge demand for cotton encouraged farmers to begin growing more and more cotton • Growing cotton was a way to get rich very quickly • Such a huge part of the economy in the South it was known as “King Cotton”

  10. Spread of Slavery • Growing cotton was a very labor intensive enterprise • Farmers turned to enslaved African Americans to raise and pick the cotton • As the farmers became wealthier, the size of their plantation grew as well and so was the need for labor • Planters knew that the more slaves they used, the more cotton they could grow and the more money they make, making it a powerful incentive to maintain slavery in the South

  11. Differences in the North and South • Northern economy was centered around the Industrial Revolution and trade while the South focused on agriculture • Urbanization spread much more rapidly in the North • Southerners saw little need for labor saving devices • Largest difference was about slavery • Vital part of the Southern Economy • Northerners viewed it as an evil

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