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**"Understanding Ecosystems: Primary Production & Energy Transfer"**

Explore the dynamics of ecosystems, from primary production to energy transfer among trophic levels. Learn about the importance of gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) in converting light energy to organic compounds. Discover the limitations on primary production, such as light and nutrient availability, and the impacts of factors like eutrophication and evapotranspiration. Gain insight into production efficiency and the magnification of pesticides through trophic levels, as well as biogeochemical cycles and math reviews in ecosystem studies.

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**"Understanding Ecosystems: Primary Production & Energy Transfer"**

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  1. Ecosystems

  2. Ecosystems Primary producers Sun

  3. Ecosystems Primary producers Secondary consumers Primary consumers Sun

  4. Ecosystems Primary producers Secondary consumers Primary consumers Sun

  5. Ecosystems Primary producers Secondary consumers Detritus Primary consumers Sun

  6. Ecosystems Primary producers Secondary consumers Detritus Primary consumers Sun

  7. Ecosystems Primary producers Microbes and other detritivores Secondary consumers Detritus Primary consumers Sun

  8. Ecosystems Primary producers Microbes and other detritivores Secondary consumers Detritus Primary consumers Sun

  9. Ecosystems Primary producers Microbes and other detritivores Secondary consumers Detritus Primary consumers Sun

  10. Primary production is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) during a given time period Ecosystems

  11. Primary production is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) during a given time period. Ecosystems

  12. Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis per unit time. Ecosystems

  13. Net primary production (NPP) is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R) NPP = GPP – R Ecosystems

  14. Net primary production (NPP) is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R) NPP = GPP – R Ecosystems IMPORTANT

  15. GPP can be measured in: Energy J/m2/yr Biomass g/m2/yr Ecosystems

  16. GPP can be measured in: Energy J/m2/yr Biomass g/m2/yr Biomass is dry weight and includes only new mass. Ecosystems

  17. Limitations on primary production: Light Nutrients (N, P, Fe) Ecosystems

  18. Limitations on primary production: Light Nutrients (N, P, Fe) Iron is important for cyanobacteria, and cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in the oceans Ecosystems

  19. Limitations on primary production: Light Nutrients (N, P, Fe) Iron is important for cyanobacteria, and cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in the oceans. Eutrophication is overgrowth of algae in lakes and ponds. Ecosystems

  20. Evapotranspiration is a measure of temperature and moisture Ecosystems

  21. Evapotranspiration is a measure of temperature and moisture. Ecosystems NPP (g/m2/yr) Evapotranspiration (mm)

  22. Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels Ecosystems

  23. Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels net secondary production assimilation of primary production Ecosystems efficiency = -------------------------------

  24. Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels calories eaten calories stored Ecosystems efficiency = -------------------------------

  25. Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels calories eaten calories stored Usually less than 20% Ecosystems efficiency = -------------------------------

  26. Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels Ecosystems

  27. Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels Ecosystems

  28. Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels. Ecosystems

  29. Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels. Ecosystems

  30. Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels. Ecosystems

  31. Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels. Ecosystems

  32. Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels. Ecosystems

  33. Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels. Ecosystems

  34. Biogeochemical cycles Ecosystems

  35. Ecosystems Primary producers Microbes and other detritivores Secondary consumers Detritus Primary consumers Sun

  36. Ecosystems Primary producers Microbes and other detritivores Secondary consumers Detritus Primary consumers

  37. Ecosystems Primary producers Microbes and other detritivores Secondary consumers Detritus Primary consumers Abiotic reservoir Geologic processes

  38. Important cycles: Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus. Ecosystems

  39. Math Review rB > C

  40. Math Review rB > C ΔN K - N ------- = rN (-----------) Δt K

  41. Math Review rB > C net secondary production assimilation of primary production ΔN K - N ------- = rN (-----------) Δt K efficiency = --------------------------------------

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