1 st Nine W eeks Study Guide

1. 1st Nine WeeksStudy Guide

2. Key Terms • Historical Interpretation- The process of finding meaning or significance of historical events; historians add their analysis of events to the facts they have judged to be true. • Primary Source - Documents and other types of evidence created by people who were present during the event or era. (journals, photos, official documents, music) • Secondary Source- Books or commentaries from people who were not present at past events or alive during that era. (movies, textbooks, encyclopedias)

3. Key Terms • Colony- A group of people who settle in a distant land but are still ruled by the government of their native land. • Burgess- An elected representative. • Charter- A legal document giving certain rights to a person or company.

4. Key Terms • Mercantilism- A Nation becomes strong by placing strict control over trade. • “Whosoever commands the trade of the world commands the riches of the world.” • Apprentice- A person who learns a skill or trade from a master craftsman. • Bill of Rights- A written list of freedoms the government promises to protect

5. Why study history? History helps us to develop empathy for others. • Makes us aware of problems faced by others • Helps us understand other’s hardships • Gives us a better awareness of our own difficulties History makes us better thinkers. • Process of investigating what happened long ago • Involves analyzing and making judgments • Requires critical reasoning skills

6. Why study history? • History helps us to avoid errors of the past. • Gives us examples of failure by others • Reveals mistakes made by others • Is a warning system to not repeat previous mistakes • History is interesting. • A puzzle or a mystery • Exciting and Challenging • Like detective work

7. Jamestown and Plymouth

8. Great Awakening and the Enlightenment THE GREAT AWAKENING • Religious movement in the Colonial Era. • Created splits in old churches and new churches were formed, not all people supported it. • Helped spread democratic feelings in the Colonies, it paved the way for Revolution. THE ENLIGHTENMENT • A movement that emphasized reason and logic. • People learned through observation and experimentation. • Thinking more critically and in depth.

9. Compare and Contrast life in the cities and life in the country. Life in the City • Crowded • Buildings and streets • Jobs were available • People socialized at taverns and restaurants Life on the Farms • Less populated • Farm houses and tracts of land • Families usually work on their own farms • Busy days filled with work from sun up to sundown.

10. The trial of John Peter Zenger. • John Peter Zenger was a newspaper editor that was arrested for libel. He printed an article in a newspaper that contained false information about the governor. He was put on trial and found not guilty, the information was proved to be true. • This case marked the beginning for the 1st amendment right of freedom of the press.

11. Three Regions of the Thirteen Colonies New England • New Hampshire • Massachusetts • Connecticut • Rhode Island

12. Three Regions of the Thirteen Colonies Middle • New Jersey • Delaware • New York • Pennsylvania

13. Three Regions of the Thirteen Colonies Southern • Virginia • Maryland • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia

14. Format • 40 questions • All multiple choice • Key terms- used in context • Graphic Organizers- use as reference to infer, complete the missing information, used in a process (cause and effect) • Maps- Analysis skills

15. Format • Photo Analysis- make a claim and connections related to content. • Cold reads- Use your knowledge of content to think critically about a reading selection.

16. Practice:Observe, Infer, and Conclude- Photo Analysis • What claim might a historian make about Columbus based on this picture?

17. Practice:Analyzing excerpts, quotes, and documents The Mayflower Compact by William Bradford November 11, 1620 The Mayflower Compact was drawn up on the Mayflower, under these circumstances as described by Gov. William Bradford: "This day, before we came to harbour, observing some not well affected to unity and concord, but gave some appearance of faction, it was thought good there should be an association and agreement, that we should combine together in one body, and to submit to such government and governors as we should by common consent agree to make and choose, and set our hands to this that follows, word for word. . ."

18. Practice: Analyzing excerpts, quotes, and documents IN THE name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland king, defender of the faith, etc., having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the 11 of November, in the year of the reign of our sovereign lord, King James, of England, France, and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domine 1620.

19. Tips for Multiple Choice • Carefully read the stem. • Note key words, clues, phrases. • Carefully read all of the answers. • Eliminate answers that are obviously wrong. • Make sure your answer completes the statement or correctly answers the question.

20. Tips for Map Questions • Identify the title, compass rose, key and scale. • Determine what kind of information is presented. • Read the multiple choice question. • Decide which part of the map will help you answer the questions. • Answer the question in your own words without looking at the choices. • Eliminate wrong choices, then select the best answer.

21. Main Idea in a Reading Passage • Read the title of the passage. • Read carefully the entire passage. • Identify the topic sentence and highlight. • Highlight supporting details. • Read your answer choices. • Use your evidence to select the best answer