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Agenda

Agenda. Bell work Notes over American Neutrality Questions 1-7 on page 465 Introduce Pearl Harbor. American Neutrality. Cause for The Neutrality Act of 1935.

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Agenda

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  1. Agenda • Bell work • Notes over American Neutrality • Questions 1-7 on page 465 • Introduce Pearl Harbor

  2. American Neutrality

  3. Cause for The Neutrality Act of 1935 • Senator Gerald Nye created a committee, that found that American arms industries had pushed the U.S. into WW I for their own profit.

  4. America Remains Neutral • Neutrality Act of 1935: mandatory embargo on selling or exporting arms, ammunition, or implements of war to nations at war. • Discretionary travel restrictions. • Expires after 6 months

  5. Cause for The Neutrality Act of 1936 • Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia; FDR encourages a moral embargo against Italy, which he could not enforce. • Embargo: An economic boycott.

  6. America Remains Neutral Still • Neutrality Act of 1936: Arms embargo with countries at war. • Discretionary travel restrictions. • Ban on loans to nations fighting, but short-term credits exempted. • Republics in Americas exempted

  7. Cause for The Neutrality Act of 1937 • Spanish Civil War • Sale of aviation parts to rebels in Spain, which FDR thought unpatriotic. • Agreements creating the Axis alliance

  8. America Remains Neutral Still • Neutrality Act of 1937: Arms embargo with countries at war. • Travel ban on warring nations ships • Trade with countries at war on a cash-and-carry basis allowed if goods were not contraband sent on a foreign ship.

  9. Why Americans Remain Neutral • Group gained strength after the Great Depression. • European nations struggled to pay their war debt from WW I. • 1934 Finland was the only nation able to pay back its war debt. • Dozens of books and articles appeared arguing that arms manufactures had tricked the U.S. into entering WW I. • 1935 Nye Committee- documented huge profits that the arms factories had mad during the war.

  10. Neutrality Continued • Hitler & Mussolini were building a war in Europe; this made Americans think back to the problem from arms companies in WW I. • Made it illegal to sell arms to countries at war. • Spanish Civil War- Another way we could get pulled into a foreign conflict. • Banned sales of arms to either side in a civil war

  11. Roosevelt's Internationalism • Internationalism: the idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps prevent war. • Roosevelt argued that the Neutrality Acts might drag the U.S. into war instead of keeping us out. • 1937- China is attacked by Japan • FDR helps China by selling weapons to China • Neutrality Act of 1937 did not apply, because war had not been declared. • He warned that the nation should not stand by and let an “epidemic of lawlessness” infect the world.

  12. Americans Become Involved • U.S. was still neutral, but aided Great Britain in their fight against Germany. • Two days after war was declared on Germany, FDR was determined to help France & Great Britain. • Roosevelt called for revisions on the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937. • Congress passed the new law- society was backing the president • Neutrality Act of 1939: weapons could be sold to countries at war only on a “cash-and-carry” basis

  13. American Involvement Continued • Spring 1940- Winston Churchill asked FDR to give Great Britain old American destroyers. • G.B. wanted to protect cargo ships and stop invasions from Germany. • Loophole, neutrality act required cash for purchases, FDR demanded the right to build bases at the following locations: Newfoundland, Bermuda, and islands in the Caribbean. FDR would send 50 old destroyers • Lend-Lease Act: U.S. would lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the United States. • This allowed G.B. to pay for weapons after the war • “Great arsenal of democracy”

  14. Involvement Continued • Hemispheric Defense Zone- imaginary line drawn in the Atlantic ocean that the U.S. declared neutral. FDR would send destroyers there to find submarines and let the British know of their location. • Atlantic Charter: agreement that committed U.S. and G.B. to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancements and freedom of the seas. • U-boat would shoot at a American destroyer. FDR’s new policy on German Submarines “shoot-on-sight.” • American destroyer attacked Reuben James, 115 killed in 1941

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