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Earthquake and Volcano Notes

Earthquake and Volcano Notes. Earthquake- the shaking and trembling that results from the crust moving. Deformation- any change in the shape or volume of the crust. Stress- a force that acts on rock and changes earth’s shape or volume. . There are three types of stress-

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Earthquake and Volcano Notes

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  1. Earthquake and Volcano Notes

  2. Earthquake- the shaking and trembling that results from the crust moving. • Deformation- any change in the shape or volume of the crust.

  3. Stress- a force that acts on rock and changes earth’s shape or volume. There are three types of stress- Shearing, Tension and Compression shearing compression

  4. Parts of a fault • Hanging wall- the half of the fault that lies above the fault. • Footwall- the half of the fault that lies below the fault.

  5. Types of faults There are three types of faults: Strike Slip fault, Normal fault and Reverse fault

  6. Parts of an Earthquake • Focus- exact point where the fault moves underground. • Epicenter- the point on the surface directly above the focus. • Seismic waves- earthquake waves that travel outward like ripples in a pond.

  7. Types of Seismic Waves Primary Waves- (P-waves) • Strongest waves • 1st waves • Compressions

  8. Secondary Waves- (S Waves) - up and down movement - can’t go through liquids Surface Waves- P & S waves that reach the surface. These are the most destructive

  9. Seismic waves transfer mechanical energy • The Wasatch Fault is a normal fault

  10. Volcano Notes • Parts of a Volcano • Magma chamber- large underground pocket of magma • Vent or pipe- tubes leading to the surface • Crater- bowl shaped area at the top

  11. Magma • Magma is below the surface • It rises because it is less dense • Contains gases • Sometimes thick and sometimes thin • Different amounts of silica • Flowing magma transfers heat and mechanical energy.

  12. Types of Eruptions • Quiet Eruption • Low silica • Fast moving lava • Hawaii • Pahoehoe and Aa

  13. Explosive Eruption • High silica • Pipes get clogged • Pressure and gas build up until it explodes • Ash and pyroclastic flow • Example: Mt. St. Helens

  14. Types of Lava • Pahoehoe- hot, fast moving lava • Like a river • Aa- slower, chunkier lava • Pyroclastic Flow- large cloud of debris and ash flowing very fast down the volcano

  15. Types of Volcanoes • Active- An erupting volcano. • About 600 • Ring of fire- ring of volcanoes around the pacific ocean • Dormant- A sleeping volcano. • Extinct- A dead volcano.

  16. Not every volcano is the same.

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