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Fruit Disease Control for Homeowners

Fruit Disease Control for Homeowners. Kenny Seebold Plant Pathology Department. Fall Bearing Raspberries Blueberries Blackberries Gooseberries. Strawberries Some Currants Pawpaws Persimmons Tart Cherries. Fruit Crops with Reduced Spray Requirements.

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Fruit Disease Control for Homeowners

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  1. Fruit Disease Control for Homeowners • Kenny Seebold • Plant Pathology Department

  2. Fall Bearing Raspberries Blueberries Blackberries Gooseberries Strawberries Some Currants Pawpaws Persimmons Tart Cherries Fruit Crops with Reduced Spray Requirements Fruit Crops with High Spray Requirements • Apples • Grapes • Stone Fruits • Pears

  3. Fungal cankers are typically oval shape and disrupt stem functions. Fungal fruiting bodies can sometimes be seen (right). Cankers and dead branches should be pruned out. Blueberry stem canker symptoms

  4. Phytophthora root rot causes death of blueberry plants Phytophthora root rot occurs in the wettest part of the garden. Avoid root rot by providing good soil drainage.

  5. Additional disorders and diseases affect Kentucky blueberries Iron deficiency (left) occurs when soil is not acid enough. This disorder can make plants more prone to canker diseases. Botrytis blossom blight (below) reduces blueberry yields. Improve plant spacing and control weeds to reduce humidity.

  6. Strawberry root rots Red Stele (right) with rat-tailed roots and red root core. Black root rot (left) kills plants. Use crop rotation and resistant cultivars.

  7. Strawberry fruit rots Leather rot (upper left), anthracnose (lower left), and gray mold fruit rot (lower right). Control weeds and use straw mulch to reduce infections.

  8. Systemic and Lethal Blackberry Diseases From left, clockwise: rosette, orange rust on shoots and leaves, sterility virus on leaves and fruits. Dig up and destroy infected plants. Control weeds in the planting. Buy plants from reputable sources.

  9. On stems: anthracnose with gray lesions (left), cane canker is brown (left inset). Badly cankered stems should be pruned out. Prune out last year’s stems after harvest. Raspberry cane cankers and fruit rots Control weeds in and near the raspberry bed; keep rows narrow. At right, Botrytis fruit rot (gray) and Rhizopus fruit rot (black).

  10. This disease requires spraying in Kentucky gardens. Begin sprays in early spring. Grow disease-tolerant types. Grape black rot Remove and pick up all fruit mummies before spring. Prune out diseased vines.

  11. When apple leaves become infected, they turn yellow and drop. Fruits develop scabby lesions (below). Plant scab-resistant apples. Rake up and destroy all apple foliage in the fall. Begin fungicide sprays at bud break in early spring. Apple Scab

  12. Cedar-apple rust Galls on cedar (below) form gradually over 1 ½ years and produce spores from orange telial “horns” in springtime. Remove cedar trees near apples. Rust on apple leaves & fruit. Sprays may be needed if cedars remain nearby.

  13. Fire Blight Shoot blight, left and below, center, flower blight, lower left, and stem canker, below. Prune out blighted shoots and cankers in winter. Break out blighted flower clusters when symptoms first seen.

  14. Apple Fruit Diseases Black Rot (left), with mummy and leaf spot (lower left), white rot and bitter rot (right), and sooty blotch and flyspeck, (below). Remove fruit mummies in winter. Use fruit bags.

  15. Disease & Insect Resistance • Select varieties with disease and insect resistance to reduce spray requirements Apple scab

  16. Disease Resistant Apples

  17. Spraying Home Fruit • Early sprays are the most important • Safety & protective clothing • Re-Entry Interval after spraying • Home orchards exempt from worker protection standards • All pesticides have a 12-96 hour REI for commercial growers • Suggest that you stay out of sprayed areas for at least 12 hours and until pesticides are dry

  18. Maintain Excellent Early Disease Control Program • Apple • Scab, cedar apple rust, fire blight • Brambles • Anthracnose, cane blights, Botrytis • Grape • Anthracnose, black rot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, phomopsis cane and leaf spot • Strawberry • botrytis

  19. Conventional Captan Chlorothalonil (Daconil 2787) Ferbam (Carbamate) Mancozeb (Dithane) Myclobutanil (Immunox) Thiophanate-Methyl (Cleary’s 3336) Organic Bordeaux Mixture Fixed copper (fungicide/bactericide) Liquid Lime Sulfur Wettable Sulfur Streptomycin (bactericide) Home Fruit Fungicides From ID-21

  20. Sample page from UK ID-21, Home Fruit Spray Guide describing spray timing for apples / pears.

  21. Questions?

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