1. PV Solar Science

2. Solar Electricity Basics • The Photovoltaic Effect: The process through which a solar cell converts sunlight into electricity .

3. Electrical Terminology • DC – electric current flows in one direction. • AC – electric current reverses flow at frequent, regular intervals. • Volts (V) – electric potential, or electromotive force • Amps (A) – electric current • Watts (W) – power • Watt Hours (Wh) – energy

4. Electricity Equations Volts (V) x Amps (A) = Watts (W) 1,000 watts = 1 Kilowatt (kW) Example: A 120 volt light bulb that draws .6 amps will consume 74 watts. 120(v) x .6 (A) = 75 watts

5. Electricity Equations Watts x Hours = Watt-hours(Wh) 1,000Wh = 1 Kilowatt-hour (kWh) Example: A 120 volt light bulb that draws .6 amps will consume 75 watts. Over the course of 6 hours the bulb will consume 450Wh 75(W) x 6(h) = 450Wh

6. Solar Electricity Basics How Much Energy Does Your Home Use?

7. Home Energy Consumption Average Home Uses 1000 kWh each month Roughly 10,000 kWh annually If you were to install: x 365 days = 3650kWh 2.5 kW x = 10kWh 4 hours each day 3rd of annually power consumption

8. PV System Flow DC AC Solar Panels Production Meter AC Disconnect DC Disconnect Inverter Service Panel Net Meter To the Internet Data Monitoring To Electric Utility

10. Presentation guide Why Renewable Energy Education? PV Solar Science Data Monitoring

11. Why Renewable Energy Education?

12. 2.5 x .01 4,000 X 5 years 1.25 x 12.5 years 62% 37% 19 years 80,000 Terawatt hours Annually 75 years

13. Source: Renewable.com

14. Growing resource Courtesy of RET21

16. If 1% of Oregon’s Power Came from PV • Would require 521 Megawatts of installed PV: 26,000 residential, 1300 commercial, 220 industrial • Would generate 620,000 MWH/year • Would create 17,000 jobs • Would cost 1.5 billion dollars Source: Oregon Department of Energy

19. Northwest growth Courtesy of NW Renewable Energy Project

20. Wild Horse Wind Farm Ellensburg , OR

21. In the Solar Industry: • Electrical Engineers • Electricians • Industrial Machinery Mechanics • Welders • Metal Fabricators • Electrical Equipment Assemblers • Construction Equipment Operators • Installation Helpers • Laborers • Construction Manager job opportunities

22. Oregon Schools: Studies in Renewable Energy University of OregonSolar Radiation Monitoring LabEnergy Technology (AAS) Renewable Energy Education Institute Oregon State UniversityAlgae Fuels ProgramEnergy Program Extension Bioenergy and Alternative Fuels Study Renewable Energy System Degree Lane Community College2 year degrees in: energy management, renewable energy, water conservation Columbia Gorge Community College2 year Applied Science Degree – Vestas prospecting grounds Oregon Institute of Technology Renewable Energy Systems Degree

23. Program Components Solar 4R Schools • Minimum 1 kW Solar Electric System • Data Monitoring • Renewable Energy Activity Guide • Renewable Energy Hands-on Science Kit • Touch Screen Kiosk • Online Resources and Teacher Support

24. Photovoltaics

25. Monocrystal Solar Cell Cross Section

26. Solar Cell Mono-crystal cell Poly-crystal cell a-Si Cells

27. Solar Panels Monocrystaline Cells Thin Film Cells Polycrystaline Cells C-Si A-Si

28. Arrays

29. Sanyo Headquarters

30. Taiwan Sports Stadium

34. Solar Subdivisions

35. Solar Electric Design Basics • Voltage • Temperature • Shading • Inverter “Window” • Interconnection Issues • Not covered: • Array mounting, aesthetics, electrical code, licensing, component selection, . . . .

36. Solar Arrays

37. Ballard High School Greenwood Elementary Marshal Middle School Wake Robin Environmental Center Washington Middle School - Seattle Washington Middle School - Olympia

40. Three Basic Typesof pv systems:Stand Alone Simple Grid TiedGrid Tie with Battery

41. DC AC Stand alone pv systems Solar Panels DC Breaker Inverter AC Breaker Charge Controller Production Meter

42. SIMPLE: Load directly powered by solar photovoltaic module

43. Disconnect Between Solar Panel and the Battery (via Charge Control) Breakers and fuses must be DC rated. Can purchase “special for PV application” equipment. In this system we used Square D QO which is ok for DC up to 24 volts

44. Charge Control for Battery:note display and battery type selector

45. Storage: Battery:Flooded, Sealed, AGM, or Gel

46. Inverter: DC to AC Pure sine wave: Turns DC electricity of PVs and Batteries into AC current. DC in AC out

47. With Storage: Solar ModuleBatteryLoad

48. Roof mount Solar Array: 4 SM55220 Watts wired in parallel

49. DC AC Grid Tie pv systems Solar Panels Charge Controller DC Breaker AC Breaker Production Meter Inverter Service Panel Load Meter To the Internet Data Monitoring To Electric Utility

50. DC AC Stand alone pv systems Solar Panels Charge Controller DC Breaker AC Breaker Production Meter Inverter Service Panel Load Meter To the Internet Data Monitoring To Electric Utility