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9.2 – Women in Public Life

9.2 – Women in Public Life. Setting the Stage. The role of women was drastically changing around 1900 Women were becoming more independent Susette La Flesche – works for rights of Native Americans 1887: The Dawes Act Expanded roles & participation in public life.

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9.2 – Women in Public Life

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  1. 9.2 – Women in Public Life

  2. Setting the Stage • The role of women was drastically changing around 1900 • Women were becoming more independent • Susette La Flesche – works for rights of Native Americans • 1887: The Dawes Act • Expanded roles & participation in public life

  3. Women in the Work Force • Before the Civil War: Women worked in the home • 1900: Adventure to the work force = survival • 1:5 Women held jobs • Farms: Women work in the home, take care of livestock, harvest crops • Industry: Better paying opportunities to support the family

  4. Industry • Women were denied union membership • 25% of women worked in manufacturing • Most work in the textiles • Hold the least skilled positions & paid ½ as much • Start to work in offices, stores & the classroom • 1890: women outnumber men as high school graduates

  5. Domestic Workers • Many uneducated/unskilled women turn to cleaning homes • Ex: African-American women after the end of slavery • Jobs include cooks, maids, scrubbers, laundresses • 1870: ~70% of employed women work as servants

  6. The Lead to Reform • Dangerous conditions, low wages, long hours lead for reform • Movements pick up after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (146 dead) • 1910: Women’s clubs expand rapidly • Discuss art, literature, & life

  7. Women in Higher Education • Most active women attended the new women’s colleges • 1865: Vassar College – 1st to accept women • Columbia, Brown, Harvard form separate colleges • Sophia Smith – p. 315 • Marriage no longer only alternative – women can gain effective status in the work force

  8. Women & Reform • Workplace reforms were bolstered by newly educated women • “Social Housekeeping” – focus on work & home; couldn’t vote • 1896: NACW – managed facilities for young children • 1848: Seneca Falls Convention – 1st organized meeting to focus on reforms for women in America

  9. Early Suffrage • 1869: Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton the NWSA • 1st major group for suffrage • 1890: Combines to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association • Opposition • Liquor Industry – Prohibition • Textile Industry – Child Labor • Men – Fear societal role change

  10. Suffrage: 3-Part Strategy • 1) Attack state legislatures for right to vote • 1869: Wyoming • 2) Use court cases to test the 14th Amendment – citizens? • Supreme Court deemed citizenship doesn’t include voting • 3) National Constitutional Amendment to vote • Suffrage was modestly successful, but great reforms were achieved

  11. “The Awakening”

  12. Suffrage Before 1920 Green = Full Suffrage Orange = Presidential Suffrage Red = No Suffrage

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