1. Postmodern ethnography(The postmodern turn in anthropology) Ayaka Yoshimizu

2. Ethnography • a research process in which the anthropologist closely observes, records, and engages in the daily life of another culture—an experience labeled as the fieldwork method—and then writes accounts of this culture, emphasizing descriptive detail (Marcus and Fischer, 1986, p.18)

3. Seven Moments of Qualitative Research • The traditional period • Positivism, ethnographic realism • Modernist phase • Blurred genres • Crisis of representation (Denzin et al, 2000, p.12-18)

4. Crisis of representation • Uncertainty about adequate means of describing social reality (Marcus and Fischer, 1986) • The Predicament of Culture (Clifford, 1988) • An experimental moment in the human sciences

5. Writing Culture:The poetics and politics of ethnography(Clifford and Marcus, 1986) • From participant observation to “writing” • Ethnography as process • Partial truth • Experimental • Ethical • Reflexivity • Dialogical mode • Co-authorship

7. Writing Culture:The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography(Clifford and Marcus, 1986) • From participant observation to “writing” • Ethnography as process • Partial truth • Experimental • Ethical • Reflexivity • Dialogical mode • Co-authorship

8. Postmodern ethnography: Feminists’ critique • Mascia-Lees et al. (1993) • Feminists move beyond texts to confront the world • Enslin (1994) • “your work seems like nothing. Your book has no importance. After all, what is writing? You looked, you saw, you wrote a book. But that book won't do anything if not accompanied by work, by practice. Right ”

9. Seven Moments of Qualitative Research • The traditional period • Positivism, ethnographic realism • Modernist phase • Blurred genres • Crisis of representation • A triple crisis • Representation, legitimation, praxis • Postexperimental • The future (Denzin et al, 2000, p.12-18)