1. America Secedes from the Empire Read Paine’s Crisis quote May 10,1775 Second CC Conservative element-appeals sent but preparations made

2. Congress Drafts George Washington Perhaps one of the most significant decisions was to appoint GW Pros-Cons Check excesses of masses Olive Branch Petition-July 1775

3. Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings April 1775-July 1776-period of inconsistency May1775 Ethan Allen and BA June 1775 Bunker’s Hill seized

4. The Abortive Conquest of Canada October 1775-Falmouth burned Arnold and Montgomery-Quebec January 1776-Norfolk Va. Burned

5. Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense • Why was Independence not openly spoken of???? • Illegal-consequences? Irish rebels.. • Toasting the king.. • Burning of towns-Hessians hiring-shock us into reality • Common Sense-

6. Paine and The Idea of Republicanism • All Government officials should derive their power from the consent of the governed • Not new-ancient Greece practiced this, even England itself-King-House of Lords heriditary but Commons was just that-elected from common people • Many in England championed such opinions-Whigs • Civic Virtue is key-Town meetings and C ofC fostered this. Supress your own self interest for good of the whole

7. Not All Embraced Paine’s Ideas • What Patriots did not favor Paine’s views on Republicanism? • Natural aristocracy vs. Heriditary aristocracy • Leveling mechanism must be kept in check

8. Jefferson’s Explanation • June 7 1776-RHL-these united colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent states • Motion adopted July 2nd

9. Patriots v. Loyalists • Role of militia • Tragic figures? • Makers of America-read-p150

10. The Loyalist Exodus • Persecution mild- What is meant by this? • 80,000 fled- several times that stayed • 50,000 took up arms- effective?

11. George Washington at ‘Bay’ • March 1776 evacuation of Boston • Summer of 1776-Aug.27 Battle of BH/Lg I • Fall 1776 White Plains 10/28-Nov.19-Closter/Fort Lee • Trenton-Princeton-Morristown 1776

12. Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion • General Burgoyne-Whig-will invade from Lake’s route-Arnold’s retreat a year earlier means the difference • Howe was to assist from NY-and meet him in Albany ‘if’ needed • Barry St. Leger was to come from Mohawk River Valley and swing in from the west • Burgoyne is doomed-ill timing-ill use of support determined opponent

13. Strange French Bedfellows • Revenge- • Open aid replaced secret aid • American cause becomes a fad- liberal French thinkers like Rousseau aroused the bored spirits of french- Big mistake • Declaration and now Saratoga change things-Franklin is difference maker

14. Colonial War Becomes a world War • Holland/Spain declare war on England-Sp. Wants Gilbralter back • Sp/Fr fleets when combined outnumber even the British • Catherine the Great-Armed Neutrality-maritime neutral states who were at the mercy of Britain and her mercantilist policies-become passive aggressive

15. France is Difference Maker • British strategy is altered-leave Phil.>NYC • 1778-1781-Washington, except for Battle of Monmouth Court House will keep British hemmed in • French aid supplies- powder guns money equipment advice half of our armed forces Rochambeau Navy however proves to be the difference maker-goal is to protect Fr. West Indies

16. Blow and Counter Blow • French army in Conn.-tensions plan-NYC • “Whom can we trust now” • Britain tries in vain to attack southern colonies hoping to ‘roll’ them up • Ga. Attacked 1778-1779 • Charleston S.C. 1780-single largest loss-5000 men and 400 cannon-worse than Saratoga for Britain • King’s Mt. And Cowpens-2 Am. Victories • Greenes strategy works

17. The Land And Sea Frontier • Most native side with Britain-Why? • Joseph Brant- schooled in England adopted by well known American tory-Guy Johnson/william Johnson

18. Treaty Of Paris • War Weariness settling in-inflation-job losses-taxes on the rise • Whigs gaining seats in Parliament • Losses in India-West Indies-Island of Minorca fell • Adams-Franklin-Jay assemble in Paris • Congress instructs them to follow lead of France • Our negotiators believe otherwise-they feel Fr. Is out for themselves first , us 2nd-

19. John Jay-acts out • He believes the trans Alleghanny region might be ‘given’ to a third party-probably Spain-weak America is easier to manipulate • Sends overtures to English diplomats • France is stabbed in the back-BUT they are secretly happy