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FC.87 THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS (1560-1598)

FC.87 THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS (1560-1598). Medieval mentality linking relig. w/social & political issues. Catholic Ref. (FC.86). Protestant Ref. (FC.84). Protestant power grows in 1520s & 1530s as HRE emperor Charles V is hampered by other problems:.

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FC.87 THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS (1560-1598)

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  1. FC.87 THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS (1560-1598) Medieval mentality linking relig. w/social & political issues Catholic Ref. (FC.86) Protestant Ref. (FC.84) Protestant power grows in 1520s & 1530s as HRE emperor Charles V is hampered by other problems: Charles’ empire  Enemies & wars that divert attention from Ger. $ problems  Armies desert Divided Ger. Hard to rule When Charles is finally able to defeat Protestants, Ger. Cath. princes & France, fearing his growing power, undermine his victory Peace of Augsburg (1555) lets each Ger. prince choose Catholicism or Lutheranism Charles V splits emp. b/w Austrian & Sp. branches Fervent Cath. Philip II of Spain Calv’s & Anab’s flee & spread relig. to Neth’s & Fr. Many Ger. princes still turn Calvinist Tensions rise Growing relig. unrest in Spanish Netherlands Growing relig. unrest in Fr. b/w Cath’s & Calvinists Relig. tension b/w Sp. & Eng. Eng. raid Spanish shipping Eng. aids Dutch rebels Spanish repression Riots & protests Fr. govt. weakens Growing anarchy Philip II of Spain tries to dethrone Eliz. I of Eng. Bitter wars aggravated by weak govt., feudal separatism, noble feuds, & foreign intervention Despite disunity, rebels hang on due to seizing sea ports, good leadership, & unpop. Sp. atrocities Sp. Armada launched vs. Eng., Fr., & Neth’s Beaten by Eng. (1588) Dutch milit. reforms, econ. power, naval vict’s & raids on Sp. shipping  Indep. in 1648 Calv. leader, Henry of Navarre ends wars & secures throne by turning Catholic Saves Protestant cause in W. Eur. & weakens Spain Basis for Louis XIV’s abs. monarchy in 1600s (FC.95) Dutch econ. & naval domin. in 1600s (FC.93) Sets stage for 30 Yrs War (FC.88)

  2. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: What class were many of them from?

  3. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; Where were they concentrated?

  4. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; - Concentrated in fortif. centers; Were they enthusiastic?

  5. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; - Concentrated in fortif. centers; - Enthusiastic. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay Massacres of Huguenots at Cahors in 1561 (above) & at Vassay in 1562 (left)

  6. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; - Concentrated in fortif. centers; - Enthusiastic. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay Catholics massacring Huguenots in Paris

  7. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay Huguenots being attacked in Paris

  8. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay Huguenots looting a Catholic church

  9. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing Huguenots being massacred at Sens in April, 1562 So how would Catholics view Protestant non-participation in mass?

  10. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. Broadsheets advertising Huguenot atrocities against Catholics

  11. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; So how would Catholics view Huguenots who didn’t accept the king as a fusion of church and state? Huguenots being burned at the stake

  12. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason by Cath’s A Huguenot church service with an hourglass hanging next to the pulpit to time the minister’s sermon

  13. Henry II of France, a strong king who unfortunately was killed in a joust celebrating the Peace of Cateau Cambresis with Spain in 1559. He left three weak sons to succeed him just as religious tensions between Catholics and Calvinists threatened to boil over into open warfare FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS Vicious cycle of the wars?

  14. Another problem plaguing France was the large number of unemployed mercenaries after the Treaty of Cateau Cambresis ending the Italian Wars and with Spain in 1559. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy]

  15. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] Henry II’s sons, all of whom were weak rulers who left no male heir between them

  16. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] Three portraits of Catherine de Medici, the queen mother who could control her weak sons, but not the anarchy overtaking France. Her attempts to follow moderate policies only upset both extreme Catholics and Calvinists.

  17. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] The Notorious Guise brothers, leaders of the radical wing of the Catholics in France

  18. *At Dreux, the first major battle of the French Wars of Religion, an army of 8-9,000 Huguenots stumbled upon a Catholic army twice its size. The Huguenots, however had better & more cavalry, including German reiters armed with pistols instead of heavy armor and lances. At first, the Huguenot cavalry on the right flank, drove off its Catholic counterparts, but instead of turning to attack the Catholic flank, they looted the enemy camp. Meanwhile, the Huguenot commander on the left was doing his level best to wreck his troops in fruitless charges against the opposing Swiss pikemen armed with 20’ pikes. Just as the Catholics were about to win, the Huguenot cavalry returned to save the day, ending the battle in a draw. To further complicate the situation, each army’s commander had been captured by the enemy. When Catherine de Medici got early word indicating a Huguenot victory, she supposedly said they should prepare to be praying in French, referring to the Huguenot custom of using the Vernacular instead of Latin.

  19. War renews FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS -Vicious cycle:Govt. weak<->anarchy -Pattern: **** Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  20. War renews FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS -Vicious cycle:Govt. weak<->anarchy -Pattern: **** Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble How do Hug’s do? Concessions & Peace

  21. War renews FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS -Vicious cycle:Govt. weak<->anarchy -Pattern: **** Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Resolution of the war?

  22. War renews FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS -Vicious cycle:Govt. weak<->anarchy -Pattern: **** What disturbs the peace? Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  23. War renews FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS -Vicious cycle:Govt. weak<->anarchy -Pattern: **** Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  24. War renews FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS -Vicious cycle:Govt. weak<->anarchy - -Pattern: Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace Map showing towns granted to the Huguenots at different points in the French Wars of Religion.

  25. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Prot. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - -Pattern: War renews Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  26. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Pr. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] War renews Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace Factors aggravating the wars?

  27. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Pr. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, War renews Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  28. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Pr. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, War renews Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  29. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Pr. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, War renews Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  30. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Pr. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention War renews Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  31. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Pr. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's War renews Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  32. FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Pr. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing War renews Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace Besides pitched battles, what were there a lot of?

  33. War renews FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Pr. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  34. War renews FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Pr. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  35. War renews FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-98) BACKGROUND - Factors helping Huguenots: - 40-50% nobles; fort. centers; enthus. - Singing & Massacre of Vassay - Mass more a communal rite of sharing -> See Pr. non-partic. as anti-soc. & treason - Cath's saw king as fusion of church & state; - Calv's didn’t-> Viewed as treason PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  36. War renews PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace Henry of Navarre, the brilliant and dashing leader of the Huguenots

  37. War renews PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace Henry of Navarre, the brilliant and dashing leader of the Huguenots

  38. War renews PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace Henry of Navarre, the brilliant and dashing leader of the Huguenots

  39. War renews PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise - Indiscr. slaughter: spouses, business rivals, philosophers, creditors Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  40. War renews PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise - Indiscr. slaughter: spouses, business rivals, philosophers, creditors - Navarre escaped by turning Cath. Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace Henry of Navarre, the Huguenot leader, quickly converted to Catholicism to escape the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Once clear of danger, he converted back to Calvinism again.

  41. War renews PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise - Indiscr. slaughter: spouses, business rivals, philosophers, creditors - Navarre escaped by turning Cath. - Hawthorne bush blooming-> Declared a miracle Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace The Notorious Coligny brothers, Huguenot leaders, one of whom was to be made admiral and was especially targeted during the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

  42. War renews PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise - Indiscr. slaughter: spouses, business rivals, philosophers, creditors - Navarre escaped by turning Cath. - Hawthorne bush blooming-> Declared a miracle ->Massacre resumed->Spread across Fr. Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  43. War renews PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise - Indiscr. slaughter: spouses, business rivals, philosophers, creditors - Navarre escaped by turning Cath. - Hawthorne bush blooming-> Declared a miracle ->Massacre resumed->Spread across Fr. - Reward to messenger “As I write, they are killing them all, they are stripping them naked….sparing not even the children. Blessed be God.”--Spanish ambassador describing the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace Medal struck by Pope Gregory XIII to celebrate the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

  44. War renews PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise - Indiscr. slaughter: spouses, business rivals, philosophers, creditors - Navarre escaped by turning Cath. - Hawthorne bush blooming-> Declared a miracle ->Massacre resumed->Spread across Fr. - Reward to messenger GROWING ANARCHY - Calv. revival-> Wars 4 & 5 Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  45. War renews PATTERN OF THE WARS - Vicious cycle: [Govt. weak<->anarchy] - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vic's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise - Indiscr. slaughter: spouses, business rivals, philosophers, creditors - Navarre escaped by turning Cath. - Hawthorne bush blooming-> Declared a miracle ->Massacre resumed->Spread across Fr. - Reward to messenger GROWING ANARCHY - Calv. revival-> Wars 4 & 5 - Cath. League of towns & Hug's -> Virtual states w/in states Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  46. War renews - Wars aggravated by: weak govt, feudal rivalries, feuds, foreign intervention - King's army scattered & demobilization after war -> Hug vict's - Brutal & confusing -> 30 assass's 18 massacres of Hug's, 5 of Cath's, - 1 when Hug baptized dog in fountain - 1st battle killed 6K; - Both leaders capt. & treated well ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise - Indiscr. slaughter: spouses, business rivals, philosophers, creditors - Navarre escaped by turning Cath. - Hawthorne bush blooming-> Declared a miracle ->Massacre resumed->Spread across Fr. - Reward to messenger GROWING ANARCHY - Calv. revival-> Wars 4 & 5 - Cath. League of towns & Hug's -> Virtual states w/in states - Hug. writers claim monarchy elective & based on welfare of pop -> Can overthrow if obligations aren’t fulfilled Cath’s, esp. Jesuits,stir up trouble Hug’s win or hold their own Concessions & Peace

  47. Henry III dancing, which reflected the scandalous behavior of the king and his court that shocked many people and contributed to his being driven from Paris by his own subjects. ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) - Hug. Advance -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise - Indiscr. slaughter: spouses, business rivals, philosophers, creditors - Navarre escaped by turning Cath. - Hawthorne bush blooming-> Declared a miracle ->Massacre resumed->Spread across Fr. - Reward to messenger GROWING ANARCHY - Calv. revival-> Wars 4 & 5 - Cath. League of towns & Hug's -> Virtual states w/in states - Hug. writers claim monarchy elective & based on welfare of pop -> Can overthrow if obligations aren’t fulfilled War of the Three Henry’s & the End of the Wars (1588-94

  48. Henry III dancing, which reflected the scandalous behavior of the king and his court that shocked many people and contributed to his being driven from Paris by his own subjects. • ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY MASS. (8/24/1572) • - Hug. Advance • -> Deal to marry Marguerite to Hug. leader, Henry • - 5K Hug's in Paris-> tensions rise • - Indiscr. slaughter: spouses, business rivals, • philosophers, creditors • - Navarre escaped by turning Cath. • - Hawthorne bush blooming-> Declared a miracle • ->Massacre resumed->Spread across Fr. • - Reward to messenger • GROWING ANARCHY • - Calv. revival-> Wars 4 & 5 • - Cath. League of towns & Hug's • -> Virtual states w/in states • - Hug. writers claim monarchy elective • & based on welfare of pop • -> Can overthrow if obligations aren’t fulfilled • War of the Three Henry’s & the End of • the Wars (1588-94 • Henry III, Henry of Navarre, Henry duc • de Guise leader of Catholic League

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