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The Crusades & The Reconquista

The Crusades & The Reconquista . The Crusades. Religious wars primarily between Roman Catholics and Muslims; Pope Urban II sent thousands of knights to fight. Why? Primary goal: To free the Holy Land Remove Muslims from Jerusalem Religious Zeal

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The Crusades & The Reconquista

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  1. The Crusades & The Reconquista

  2. The Crusades • Religious wars primarily between Roman Catholics and Muslims; Pope Urban II sent thousands of knights to fight. Why? • Primary goal: To free the Holy Land • Remove Muslims from Jerusalem • Religious Zeal • Christian knights fight Muslims instead of each other

  3. Victories and Defeats • 1st Crusade was most successful: captured Jerusalem (eventually falls to Muslims) • 3rd Crusade- tried to retake Jerusalem; failed • 4th Crusade- Ended in defeat by Muslims

  4. Effects of the Crusades • Trade increased • Power of monarchs increased • Papal power at its greatest height • Wider world view: people began to travel far-off places

  5. Reconquista in Spain • Campaign to take over Muslim lands and drive the Muslims from Spain • By 1300, Christians controlled the entire Iberian Peninsula except for Granada (Muslim stronghold)

  6. Ferdinand and Isabella • Two rulers from two powerful kingdoms- were able to complete Reconquista • Granada falls, 1492 • Ended policy of religious toleration in Spain

  7. Learning during the Middle Ages • Scholasticism- Tried to resolve conflict between faith & reason; used reason to support Christian beliefs • Thomas Aquinas: wrote Summa Theologica, examined Christian teachings in the light of reason

  8. Medieval Literature • Dante Alighieri- Famed Italian poet • Wrote Divine Comedy; summarizes Christian ethics • Geoffrey Chaucer • Wrote The Canterbury Tales • Reveals a lot about medieval life

  9. Medieval Architecture • Towering stone cathedrals symbolized wealth & religious devotion • Flying Buttresses- Stone supports that stood outside the church

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