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Transnational Cooperation in Marine Spatial Planning: Lessons from the Combined Grid and Baltic Pipe

This analysis explores the Combined Grid Solution and Baltic Pipe projects as case studies for transnational cooperation in marine spatial planning (MSP) in the Baltic Sea region. It emphasizes the importance of successful stakeholder dialogue, clear roles among project partners, and shared objectives. By examining the licensing processes, stakeholder engagement, and the communication strategies employed, insights are drawn on how existing transnational planning processes can inform future MSP initiatives across borders. The study aims to enhance collaboration in the development of energy infrastructure.

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Transnational Cooperation in Marine Spatial Planning: Lessons from the Combined Grid and Baltic Pipe

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  1. Model casePomeranianBight Pilot / Arkona Basin CombinedGrid Solution and Baltic Pipe asexamplesof transnational cooperationanddialogue

  2. The task Key question: Whatcanwelearnfromexisting transnational planningprocesses in thepilotareaforcross-borderand transnational MSP? CombinedGrid Solution and Baltic Pipe projectselectedascasestudyexamples

  3. Background Combined Grid Solution (CGS): The first offshore grid of its kind in the world • A joint German-Danish project • To connect two offshore wind farms in the southern Baltic Sea to national grids • To provide a transmission link between the two countries

  4. Background

  5. Background • Swedish plans to also connect a wind farm (Kriegers Flak) have been postponed • Initiated by 50Hertz and Energinet.dk (two TSOs) • €150m funding from the European Energy Programme for Recovery (Trans European Networks - Energy (TEN-E)).

  6. Background Baltic Pipe: • A proposed gas pipeline between Denmark and Poland in the southern Baltic Sea • Route yet to be finalised, but would cross the German EEZ; one possible route would also enter the Swedish EEZ.

  7. Background

  8. Background • Agreed in 2001 by the Danish energy company DONG and the Polish oil and gas company PGNiG to increase natural gas supply to Poland; • Revived in 2007 between Eneginet.dk and PGNiG, later Gaz-System • Review in 2009 and change of purpose for Baltic Pipe to the export of gas from Poland to Denmark (bidirectional flow)

  9. Empiricalbasis • Interviews with 7 German, 1 Danishand 2 Polishrepresentatives • BSH, Bergamt Stralsund, Energinet.dk, 50Hertz, EnergyMinistry MV and WWF for CGS • BSH andGaz-System for BP • Interview focus: • Purposeoftheproject • Rolesandresponsibilities • National support/policyenvironment • Transnational discussions (Initiation, organisation, representation, information, communication) • Evaluation ofprocess so far (ourcomes, outputs)

  10. CGS: Results Purposeoftheproject • Widelysharedviewofthepurposeoftheproject • Emphasisofthe European dimension • Favourablepolicyenvironment, EU support essential forprojectimplementation

  11. CGS: Results Rolesoftheprojectpartners • Clear understandingofrolesandresponsibilities • 50Hertz and Energinet.dk recognisedastheinstigatorsanddriversoftheproject • BSH andotherauthoritiesplay an enablingrole • BSH has a goodoverviewoftheoverallcontextoftheproject

  12. CGS: Results The licensingprocess • Licensing dealt withbilaterallyandledby 50Hertz/Energinet.dk, • Nodirectcontactbetween German andDanishlicensingauthorities • Licensing processdiffersfrom national procedure due to ESPOO rules

  13. CGS: Results Stakeholderconflicts • Project not atthestageofstakeholderconsultation • Denmarkmore pro-active in informingstakeholdersearly in theprocess Access to data • Full access to all necessary data in DK but not in DE

  14. CGS: Results Dialogue and modes of communication: • Openness and trust between the project partners • Central, leading dialogue between 50Hertz and Energinet.dk • Technical dialogue between the two companies and the licensing authorities

  15. CGS: Results Dialogue and modes of communication: • 50Hertz and Energinet.dk haveestablishedjointstructures (bilateral workinggroups) whichareprovingsuccessful • Regular contactwithcounterpartconsidered essential forsuccess • Sharepoint facilitiestoaidcommunication

  16. CGS: Results Dialogue and modes of communication: • Regular contactwithauthoritiesconsidered essential evenifthereisnothingnewtoreport • Meeting between all relevant partiesearly on toexplainpurposeandstatusoftheproject

  17. CGS: Results Recommendations: • Designate one leading organisation (or consortium) responsible for driving the project. The lead organisation then needs to bring together the relevant authorities, set an agenda and ensure follow-up. • Hold an initial project meeting with all parties early on in the process. • Agree on how and when to inform the public and external stakeholders.

  18. CGS: Results Recommendations: • Ensure there is clear and shared purpose of the project/process. • Ensure alignment of interests and joint interest in the successful outcome of the project.

  19. CGS: Results Recommendations: • Ensure clear structures of management and clear responsibilities while also ensuring transparency throughout (e.g. regular information, access to sharepoint facilities) • Designate specific contact persons and ensure continuity of these contacts where possible.

  20. Baltic Pipe: Presentstatus • An initial geophysical survey has been carried out • Some consultation took place with national agencies during this survey. • Discussion with BSH regarding recognising the possible route of the pipeline through the German EEZ; • Gaz-System now considering the more detailed survey required and entering into more detailed discussions with the relevant government organisations.  Early stage of planning and transboundary communication

  21. Baltic Pipe: Elements oftransboundarydialogue • Stronger links to the Polish Maritime Offices in Szczecin and Gdansk, less strong links to Danish Energy Agency and Germany’s BSH. • Both formal and informal means of exchange have taken place • formal applications in writing • informal requests for information via email and telephone. • Polish and English as the languages of communication • Communication essentially bilateral, between the project proposer and individual government authorities

  22. Baltic Pipe: Elements oftransboundarydialogue • Multilateral discussions considered potentially useful by Gaz-System • Reluctant to take a lead in organising such encounters, seeing this as more of a role for the authorities • Do not see the need to widen the extent of involvement to other interests (practical difficulties) • Do not see the need to involve other representatives of Gaz-System, such as technical experts, in discussions, as the current team are already well-equipped to carry discussions forward

  23. Initial lessons • Gaz-System to contact government authorities as necessary. • Government authorities similarly to contact periodically the named representatives of Gaz-System with requests for updates and to express any matters of concern.

  24. Initial lessons • Government authorities to collaborate in organising multilateral meetings with Gaz-System and other partners (especially Energinet.dk) as appropriate, with one nation’s authority taking responsibility for calling meetings periodically. • Gaz-System to publicise information about the project and the possible pipeline routes via its internet in a timely manner.

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