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Classification

Classification . Categorize this list in 3 different ways. Flamingo Penguin Bottlenose dolphin Polar bear Tiger Rabbit Sheep Blue jay Lizard. Cow Cat Chicken Human Mouse Pig Ape Gold Fish Shark. Sea turtle Tree frog Rattle snake Squirrel Black bear .

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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. Categorize this list in 3 different ways • Flamingo • Penguin • Bottlenose dolphin • Polar bear • Tiger • Rabbit • Sheep • Blue jay • Lizard • Cow • Cat • Chicken • Human • Mouse • Pig • Ape • Gold Fish • Shark • Sea turtle • Tree frog • Rattle snake • Squirrel • Black bear

  3. What is classification? • Organisms are grouped together based on their evolutionary relationships • In order to understand how this works you will need to know a little bit about evolution

  4. Evolution • Biological evolution is not just change over time • These changes must be genetic and inheritable • Central idea is that everyone has a common ancestor • New generations (decedents) developed slight changes (modification). This is called decent with modification.

  5. VS

  6. Evolution • So organisms are based on their evolutionary relationships, but how do we know what these relationships are? • Anatomical structures— would be similar if they came from a common ancestor • Fossil evidence • Geographical evidence • Embryology – Comparing embryos • Biochemical evidence – DNA evidence

  7. Classification • Organized into groups by • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  8. Classification • Classification systems have changed over time • Aristotle’s classification system – plants and animals • What are we missing?

  9. Classification Living things Eubacteria Archaebacteria Eukarya • Domains – Above kingdom • Archaeabacteria – extreme thermophiles, can withstand harsh conditions • Eubacteria – “normal” bacteria • Eukaryota – multicellular organisms

  10. Classification Living things Eubacteria Archaebacteria Eukarya • Fungi • Eukaryotic • Multi and • unicellular • Heterotroph • Cell wall Plantae - eukaryotic - multicellular - autotrophs - cell wall • Animalia • - eukaryotic • Multicellular • heterotroph • Protist • Eukaryotic • Unicellular • Autotrophs

  11. Classification • What is a protist??? • Algae, slime molds, diatoms • Protozoa ingest their food by phagocytosis • Anything that is not a plant, fungus, or animal! • Cilia and flagella • Oral groove

  12. Classification • By studying inherited species' characteristics and other historical evidence, we can reconstruct evolutionary relationships and represent them on a "family tree," called a phylogenetic tree.

  13. Classification • Phylogenetic trees

  14. Classification • Dichotomous keys • Know how to read these!! • Species names are in italics on when typed, and underlined when hand written • Capitalize genus not species • Example : Polypedatesleucomystax • UNIVERSAL!

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