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Conservative Reactions to Revolution

Conservative Reactions to Revolution. Military Coups followed and encouraged by the Alliance for Progress and increased conservatism of the United States U.S. often accused of helping the military over throw elected governments

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Conservative Reactions to Revolution

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  1. Conservative Reactions to Revolution • Military Coups followed and encouraged by the Alliance for Progress and increased conservatism of the United States • U.S. often accused of helping the military over throw elected governments • New governments emphasized economic development over social justice and used military and police to enforce compliance

  2. Military Coups 1962-1989

  3. The Goulart Presidency • Janio Quadros as President • The Resignation of 1961 and the National Political Crisis • The Compromise and Goulart • The Plebiscite of 1963 and the return of Presidential Politics • Divisions and Crisis: Goulart as President • The Military and Goulart

  4. The Coup of 1964 • The Most Serious Military Coup since 1889 • The Supreme Revolutionary Command and Humberto Castello Branco • Institutional Acts and the Junta • Goals of the Military Regime • Control of State • Repression • Economic Growth

  5. Demonstrations Supporting Oil Nationalization, 1964

  6. Ford do Brasil, 1965

  7. The Economic “Miracle” • Long-run Problems • Foreign Ownership Clustered in Key Industries • State Ownership • Dependency on Foreign Oil Imports • The Oil Crisis of 1973 and Inflation • Declining Real Wages and The Growing “Informal Sector”

  8. Favelas and the Informal Sector

  9. The End of Military Rule • Widespread Unrest • Military Divisions • Economic Collapse and the so-called “Miracle” • Inflation and the National Crisis

  10. Brazil and Democracy • The Downfall of the Military • The Economic Crisis and Political Liberalization • The Transition to Democracy • Brazil and the Future?

  11. The Downfall of the Military • The Failure of the Military Regime to Adjust, 1974-82 • Failure to deal with the Energy Crisis • Foreign Debt ($108 billion) and inflation • Middle class and Working Class discontent • Industrial Production and Modernization • Living Standards and Inequality • Wealthiest 10% control 50%--poorest 20% control only 2%

  12. Rural Poverty in the Northeast

  13. Economic Crisis and Political Liberalization • Global Economic Readjustments, 1973-1982 • Groups Abandoning the Military • Labor unions • Business leaders • Roman Catholic Church • Foreign Investors • Students

  14. Transition to Democracy • The Need for Elections, 1984 • The New Politics or the Old? • The Election of Tancredo Neves, 1985 • The Succession of Jose Sarney • The Constitution of 1988 • The Rise of Fall of Fernando Collor de Melo • The Election of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, 1994 and Neo-Liberalism

  15. The Contrast: Carnival and...

  16. And Brazil’s Impoverished Children

  17. Brazil and the Future? • Political Fragmentation • Rural-urban Development Problems • The Amazon Development Schemes, the Indian Population, and Ecological Problems • Abuses of the Children • The Military and the State

  18. Allende’s Democratic Revolution • Chile in 1970 • Salvador Allende and the Popular Unity Coalition • The Peaceful Road to Socialism? • The Pinochetazo

  19. Chile in 1970 • Industrialization and the Export Sector • Copper Mining--80% of Chile’s Exports • Boom-Bust Economy • Government Policy and I.S.I • The Agricultural Problem • Inflation

  20. Braden Cooper Mining Concerns

  21. Rural Share- croppers

  22. Brazilian Indians in the Amazon Region

  23. Salvador Allende and The Popular Unity • Allende’s early life • Founding member of Socialist Party, 1932 • Serves in Popular Front in 1939 • Presidential runs in 1952, 1956, 1964 • The Popular Unity and Allende’s election in 1970--36.5% vote

  24. Salvador Allende Gossens

  25. The Peaceful Road to Socialism? • Is There a Peaceful Revolution? • Political Reforms • Price freezes, wage increases • Nationalizations in copper, coal, steel, 60% of banks, transportation, communication, textiles, etc. • Land Expropriations

  26. The Peaceful Road to Socialism? • Friction with the United States • Boycotts and credit freezes • International Banking • Economic Crisis and Political Gridlock • The Constitutional Amendment • The Ambiguous Elections, 1973 • Political Tensions

  27. Pro-Allende Demonstration in 1973

  28. Copper Miners at El Teniente

  29. The Coup in 1973

  30. The Pinochetazo • The Coup of 11 September 1973 • The United States, Allende, and the Coup • The Latin American Military Coup

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