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Unit 4B

Unit 4B. Diffusion of Ideas & Systems: 600-1450 The Middle Ages in Africa & Asia. Unit 4B, Lesson 1. Key Understanding – Interaction of different religions leads to cultural blending or conflict due to common values and beliefs or differences. Islam - Background.

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Unit 4B

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  1. Unit 4B Diffusion of Ideas & Systems: 600-1450 The Middle Ages in Africa & Asia

  2. Unit 4B, Lesson 1 • Key Understanding – Interaction of different religions leads to cultural blending or conflict due to common values and beliefs or differences.

  3. Islam - Background • Muhammad – born around A.D. 570; founder of Islam • Muslims – those who worship Allah and recognize Muhammad as the last Prophet • Mecca – the Holy City of the Islamic faith

  4. Islam - Background • Allah – Monotheistic deity; God of Abraham; Yahweh • Hijra – pilgrimage to Mecca that each Muslim is required to take within their lifetime

  5. Islam - Background • Qu’ran/Koran – Book-writings of the prophet Muhammad • Jihad – Holy struggle; expansion of Islam and Islamic control

  6. Islam - Background • Conversions – conquered people were allowed to keep their religions; many converted (often to avoid taxes) • “People of the Book” – Christians and Jews – their faith was “incomplete” because they did not accept Muhammad; they worked as officials, scholars, bureaucrats

  7. Islam - Background • Interaction – Set-up trade networks between Europe, Asia, and North Africa; cultures blend – achievements in art and science

  8. The Rise of Islam

  9. Islam Divides • When Muhammad died there was conflict over who his successor (called the Caliph) would be. • Shiite Muslims – believed that only Muhammad’s descendants could be caliphs. • Sunni Muslims – followed a new caliph (the Umayyad Caliphate).

  10. The Abbasid Caliphate • The Umayyad Caliphs were replaced by the Abbasid Caliphs in A.D. 750.

  11. The Abbasid Caliphate • Both the Umayyads and the Abbasids fought a holy war, called aJihadto expand Islam. • Fatimid dynasty set up in North Africa • Muslims control the Maghrib along the Mediterranean coast by 670 • Berbers, who had originally been Christian and Jewish, convert to Islam in the 600s. • The empire expanded from the Indus Valley to Spain. • Expansion was halted in Europe at the Battle of Tours.

  12. The Abbasid Caliphate • The Arab capital was moved from Damascus to Baghdad in 762. • Within a century Baghdad’s population was over a million people • Included a citadel and the “House of Wisdom”

  13. The Abbasid Caliphate • Decline • The Caliphate declined when invaders entered the empire. • South – Berbers and Bedouins from Africa swept across Libya and Tunisia; they destroyed civilization in North Africa

  14. The Abbasid Caliphate • Decline • North – European Crusaders entered Palestine in 1096. • East – Turks and Mongols invade and convert to Islam.

  15. The Ottoman Empire • Muslims conquer Constantinople in 1453 and establish the Ottoman Empire • The Ottomans were a nomadic group of Turkish people from Central Asia.

  16. Arabic Culture

  17. Entertainment • Poetry, music, dance • Chess, dice, backgammon • Polo, archery, fencing, horse racing

  18. Interaction • Paper making brought in from China • Translated Hippocrates, Galen, Euclid, Ptolemy, Plato, Aristotle

  19. Science and Math • Advances in algebra and geometry • Continued astronomical observations • Doctors discovered that blood moves to and from the heart

  20. Arts and Crafts • Textile industry • Elaborate leather work and rugs

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