1 / 21

Understanding Solutions and Osmosis in Basic Chemistry

This guide explores the fundamental concepts of solutions and osmosis in basic chemistry. It covers the types of solutions, including liquid-liquid and gas-liquid mixtures, and explains concentration, including how to create diluted solutions from stock solutions. Key concepts such as polarity, hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, and hydrogen bonding are discussed, demonstrating their roles in solubility. Additionally, the principle of osmosis and the effects of hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions on cells are examined, alongside valuable resources for further learning.

nevin
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Solutions and Osmosis in Basic Chemistry

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. BASIC CHEMISTRY, SOLUTIONS, OSMOSIS

  2. BASIC CHEMISTRYof SOLUTIONS SOLUTION ARE MIXTURES Solutions can be: Liquid/liquid: alcohol in water Gas/gas- oxygen in air Gas/liquid- oxygen in blood Solid/liquid- sand in water -Salt in water Gas /solid: pumice

  3. Solutions are made to a certain concentration • Concentration = solute (grams) solvent( ml) Concentration units= percent or molar Ex. 2% NaCl= 2 grams NaCl in 100 ml of water Well mixed= homogeneous solution (same concentration on top of mixture as bottom) - Taste same saltiness throughout

  4. Dilutions and Concentrations • Making various concentration from a “stock” solution

  5. DISSOLVING IS A PHYSICAL CHANGE • WATER IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT SOME CHEMICALS DISSOLVE IN WATER SOME CHEMICALS DO NOT DISSOLVE THIS DEPENDS ON THE “POLARITY” • POLAR CHEMICALS DISSOLVE POLAR CHEMICALS EX.SODIUM CHLORIDE IN WATER “LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE” CHEMICALS THAT DISSOLVE IN WATER ARE CALLED “HYDROPHYLIC” (water loving)

  6. NOT ALL CHEMICALS DISSOLVE IN WATER • SOME CHEMICAL DO NOT DISSOLVE IN WATER SINCE THEY ARE NON-POLAR (HYDROPHOBIC) • Ex. Oil and water don’t mix BUT “NON-POLAR DISSOLVES NON- POLAR- (like dissolves like)” Ex. Oil paints and linseed oil

  7. Hydrogen Bonds make water cohesive “sticky” HYDROGEN BONDING ANIMATION http://w3.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/02/ch2c4.html Water and hydrogen bonding http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/hydrogenbonds.html

  8. Surface Tension is due to these cohesive forces

  9. SOME IONIC COMPOUNDSDISSOLVE WELL IN WATER • Ionic Compounds have Polar Ionic Bonds: • TABLE SALT OR SODIUM CHLORIDE IS AN IONIC COMPOUND Animation of the formation of sodium chloride ionic compound http://w3.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/02/ch2c3.html

  10. Salt dissolving in water is a physical change • Sodium chloride dissolves in water because both are polar compounds • Salt dissolving in water animations • http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/dissolve.html • http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf

  11. Osmosis Animation • http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/osmosis.swf • http://zoology.okstate.edu/zoo_lrc/biol1114/tutorials/Flash/Osmosis_Animation.htm • What direction did the water move? • Toward the salty side or not salty side?

  12. View different concentrations on the movement of water in and out of a cell • http://www.zerobio.com/flashmx/transport.swf • http://physioweb.med.uvm.edu/bodyfluids/osmosis.htm • What happens to a Red Blood cell as it is dropped into a solution of water? • http://www.usd.edu/%7Ebgoodman/Osmos.htm

  13. Hyper/Hypo/Isotonic solutions • http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/diffusion.html# How would you describe a hypertonic solution? Hypotonic solution? Isotonic Solution? Interactive- http://www.zerobio.com/flashmx/tonicity.swf http://www.zerobio.com/flashmx/thirst.swf http://www2.nl.edu/jste/osmosis.htm#Osmosis

  14. What if the concentration inside cells is naturally about 1% NaCl, then what concentrations of NaCl would be • Hypertonic? • Hypotonic? • Isotonic?

  15. Hyper/Hypo/Isotonic solutions • http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/diffusion.html# How would you describe a hypertonic solution? Hypotonic solution? Isotonic Solution? If a dormant seed needs water to rehydrate which type if solution would work best?

  16. Closure word list - Covalent bond • Ionic bond • Polar • Non-polar • Hydrogen bonding • Dissolving • Solute/solvent/solution • Homogeneous/heterogenous • Osmosis • Tonicity-hyper/hypo/iso tonic • plasmolysis/lysis

  17. Acidosis Alkalosis Sites • http://inst.sfcc.edu/~dsimon/chem/AK6.HTM

More Related