Image Control: Responsible Digital Data Processing

1. Image Control:Responsible Digital Data Processing Diana Lim University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program

2. Workflow Data Collation Photoshop Illustrator Proofing Archiving

3. Data Collation Photoshop Illustrator Proofing Archiving • Drafting your story • Collect digital data into folders • Sketch figures in PPT, or hand draw

4. Data Collation Photoshop Illustrator Proofing Archiving • Adjust exposure • Crop Images

5. Data Collation Photoshop Illustrator Proofing Archiving • Organize panels, labeling • Output to final formats

6. Data Collation Photoshop Illustrator Proofing Archiving • Verify against original data • Check production quality

7. Data Collation Photoshop Illustrator Proofing Archiving • Electronic Lab Notebook stored for long-term retrieval

8. Data Collation Photoshop Illustrator Proofing Archiving • Drafting your story • Collect digital data into folders • Sketch figures in PPT, or hand draw

9. Your Data Mountain Focused down to four pages

10. Collating Data • Collect digital data into folders on the server • Naming files: Fig#_Descriptor_081413.app • Sketch figures in PPT, or hand draw

11. Data Collation Photoshop Illustrator Proofing Archiving • Representative image • Crop Images

12. Representative Image Is True to Reality Rossner M, Yamada KM. What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation. J Cell Biol. 2004 Jul 5;166(1):11-5.

13. Choosing Representative Images Of your replicate experiments, the representative image is not necessarilythe Best image

14. Loading Controls Rossner M, Yamada KM. What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation. J Cell Biol. 2004 Jul 5;166(1):11-5.

15. Adding/Deleting Isolated Data Rossner M, Yamada KM. What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation. J Cell Biol. 2004 Jul 5;166(1):11-5.

16. Always Leave a Distinctive LineTo Display Image Modifications • Always display white or black line to indicate deleted lanes in blots, sequence, or other data • Holding the shift key down while sliding image across prevents vertical displacement of bands • Inset boxes can be used e.g. for zoom in/zoom out in microscopy, but must clearly display box around any data inserted into an original image. • Holding the shift key down while sliding diagonally prevents distortion of the image

17. Exposure Adjustment of Isolated Data Rossner M, Yamada KM. What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation. J Cell Biol. 2004 Jul 5;166(1):11-5.

18. Microscopy ImagesExposure and Blending Channels • All panels must be treated exactly the same. • Saving levels in your electronic lab notebook is important so you can reapply them

19. Collated From Original TIFs

20. Color Channels and Scale Bars

21. Older Method of Saving Levels

22. Cropping Brings Us Closer to the Main Characters

23. Our Current Work-In-Progress

24. Revealing Repositioned Cell Images Rossner M, Yamada KM. What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation. J Cell Biol. 2004 Jul 5;166(1):11-5.

25. Ansel AdamsMoonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico, 1941 Massaging images has been around for a long time Artistic interpretation is astrength of Photoshop but is not appropriate for scientific image processing

26. Data Collation Photoshop Illustrator Proofing Archiving • Verify against original data • Check production quality • All authors and I can help you

27. Look For These During Proofing • Symbol font, and other fonts, vary computer to computer • Image flips (PowerPoint) • Inverted colors in grayscale blots can make your western look like a PCR (Acrobat) • Color shifts from screen to print: • Check greens, blues, magentas • sepia toned grayscales

28. Data Collation Photoshop Illustrator Proofing Archiving • Electronic Lab Notebook stored for long-term retrieval

29. Data Archiving • Use the server as your working Electronic Lab Notebook then transfer for permanent storage • Long-term storage unit/policies vary among labs • CDs/DVDs filed with the white paper • e-mail attachments are terrible for long-term tracking of the data files. BUT wise keep the conversation without the attachments.

30. Data Archiving • Organize files for quick retrieval • Fig # is short, but better is your descriptor • Always include the date in your file name, servers can corrupt the date saved • Quick response to an editor increases your honesty score

31. Example of Original Data Received for Processing

32. Example of a Finished Data Folder

33. References Rossner M, Yamada KM. What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation. J Cell Biol. 2004 Jul 5;166(1):11-5. Gilbert N, Science journals crack down on image manipulation, Nature, doi:10.1038/news.2009.991 Cromey DW, Twisted Pixels: ethical guidelines for the appropriate use and manipulation of scientific digital images. SciEng Ethics. 2010 Dec;16(4):639-67. doi: 10.1007/s11948-010-9201-y. Cromey DW. Digital images are data: and should be treated as such. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;931:1-27. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-056-4_1. Rossner M, How to Guard Against Image Fraud. The Scientist Magazine 2006; Editorial, Gel slicing and dicing: a recipe for disaster. Nature Cell Biology 2004: 275

34. Acknowledgements Dean Li Guy Zimmerman Andy Weyrich Mary Beckerle Steve Prescott Julia Pili Alex Greer Linn Steele TatiaForsgren Computer Support Rick Haycock Jennifer Camp Harold Nez Ryan Haver Elliot Francis Betty Leibold Students, Faculty, Post-docs, Research Wizards

35. Reputation Reflects on All of Us • Non-scientific Community

36. Summary You are Ultimately Responsible for Data Integrity Always be prepared to be audited. Your filing system can help you. Speedy response speaks to your honesty