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TV Production

TV Production. Xiaoxi Wang. Introduction . What is television?

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TV Production

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  1. TV Production Xiaoxi Wang

  2. Introduction • What is television? • “Television is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound over a distance. The term has come to refer to all the aspects of television from the television set to the programming and transmission.” • How do you make TV programs? • This is an abstruse knowledge, which is concerning a very extensive area. The presentation just goes through a overview of production background and practice.

  3. The director The work of a TV director: • Organizations • The size and type of production • A presentational role • In some particular fields( drama, concert, sports) • Combining with producer in smaller productions

  4. Production emphasis • Picture and sound to present events • Some needs a quiet background to perform (interview, piano recital). • Some needs “hype” for subjects: flashing, light effects, color, unusual sound quality, strange camera angles

  5. Production emphasis • The effective programs: • Some are based on a compilation of video-tape and film material interlaced by commentary and music. • Some are based on action. • Some ate based on reaction • (dialogue: important or incidental)

  6. Selective tools and techniques Tools: • Camera • Microphone Techniques: • Varieties in shots (proportion; composition mode; centres of attention; changing subjects affect)

  7. Techniques How to achieve: • To change the shot size and camera viewpoint: moving the subjects; moving the camera; changing the subject seen. • Look at a particular feature and follow a certain thought process

  8. The screen transforms reality • Camera shooting and the frame of TV screen can make the original isolated area to a absolute new picture. • An arrangement doesn’t exist in its own from the originality. • An arrangement in continual close-shot can make different effect from the integrated subject in audience’s mind. • 3-dimensional form has a rebirth as a flat mode on the TV screen.

  9. Interpretative techniques • Example: to shoot a mountain climb: don’t use straightforward shots, but use low angles to represent threatening, venturesome, dangerous scene.

  10. Production pressure • Limited time • Segments-continuity • Evaluating the audience impact (timing, tension, etc.)

  11. Single camera

  12. Scripting • Unscripted improvisational shooting: documentaries and news • Scripted shooting: out of sequences

  13. Single camera shooting • Traditional method to make film • Out of sequence

  14. Flexibility of viewpoint • Shots inter-cut • Requiring several cameras • Time of shot( period between pictures change)

  15. Continuous single camera shooting • Following camera • Woking to the camera • Stretched facilities

  16. Discontinues single camera shooting Shooting uncontrolled action • keeping the viewpoint and using the zooming to make variety of shots • Moving camera to change the viewpoint and zooming

  17. Discontinues single camera shooting Shooting controlled action (drama, film) • You can control the action, camera, lighting etc. to fit the needed shots. • Repeating one action to use long, medium close shots • You can have chance to change the shooting subject.

  18. Segment shooting • It depends on the request and purpose in dramatic development.

  19. Multi-camera • “The multiple-camera setup is a method of shooting films and television programs. Several cameras—either film or video—are employed on the set and simultaneously record (or broadcast) a scene. It is often contrasted with the single-camera setup, which uses just one camera on the set.”

  20. The use of cameras

  21. Change by grouping

  22. Shooting static subjects • Moving camera to change viewpoint • Pan over to relate different parts • Light changing • Showing different characteristics in small subjects

  23. Variety by effects • Combining shots • Multi-images • Separate screens • Add background and color

  24. illusion of relationships • Audience’s sense is from the visual hint; the related direction; movement; comparing characteristics;.

  25. Planned viewpoint • In different camera shooting from different direction, there are series of shots that you can choose for requirement. Example: • C1: wider shots (MS to LS) C2: primarily CU C3: hold CU

  26. Making tension • Beginning with interaction between characters; dialogue, story line • Influencing by: strong shots; music; effect; ambiguous information; lacking information; etc.

  27. Pace • Script: word length; scene length; dialogue duration • Delivery: high-pitched, fast sounds – rapid pace; low-pitched, slow sounds – slow pace • Treatment: the pace for camera movement; performer movement; switching • Usually, audience pay more attention on visual pace than sound

  28. Bad techniques • The main subjects are ignored. • Details are ambiguous. • No primary and secondary • Some particular scene never give in detail • Some events in later show is eliminated in a short time • Too brief titling or graphics • Be careful to use CS,MS,LS etc in a scene or event • Don’t break an action easily • Some dialogue, attitude, guest mistake in interview • The camera doesn’t follow the speaking person in time • Wrong cued performers • Confusing shots

  29. Audience’s concentration • Usually in a program, the audience concentration is increasing in tension from the beginning to the end。 • The directors and authors rely on the intuition and experience. • Relaxation-climax-relaxation • Avoiding the story line old-fashioned that audience can know it before the end. • If the pace and the facts are too fast and fast-cutting with a slow episode ,the audience will lost

  30. Visual assist • In music performance, the emphasis is on sound, however you cant make a blank screen, the camera shows the executants’ expression, appearance and how they play the instruments in order to make audience pay attention to the visual effect.

  31. Indicate passage of time • Explaining title • Fade in-fade out • Cut away • Time indicator • Lighting changing from light to dark • Before and after events • Particular Sound showing the time • Defocus and refocus

  32. Conclusion • Don’t just learn from book, try the real practice of producing TV program. • Reference: • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_production • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_camera_setup • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-camera_setup • The pictures with cat-foot are drawn by Xiaoxi

  33. Thank you! Questions?

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