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Kinds of Faults

Kinds of Faults. Faults. Is a break in Earth’s crust where slabs of crust slip past each other. Usually occur along plate boundaries , where the forces of plate motion compress, pull, or shear the crust so much that the crust breaks. Three Types of Faults. Normal Faults Reverse Faults

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Kinds of Faults

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  1. Kinds of Faults

  2. Faults • Is a break in Earth’s crust where slabs of crust slip past each other. • Usually occur along plate boundaries , where the forces of plate motion compress, pull, or shear the crust so much that the crust breaks.

  3. Three Types of Faults • Normal Faults • Reverse Faults • Strike-Slip Faults

  4. Fault Terminology • Fault Plane - the plane along which the rock or crustal material has fractured • Hanging Wall Block - the rock material which lies above the fault plane • Footwall Block - the rock material which lies below the fault plane.

  5. Hanging vs. Foot • The footwall of a fault is always under the fault • The hanging wall of a fault is always above the fault

  6. Normal Faults • Caused by tension forces where plates diverge • The fault is at an angle • One block lies above the fault (hanging wall) • The other block lies below the fault (footwall) • When movement occurs along a normal fault, the hanging wall slips downward

  7. Normal Faults

  8. Normal Fault Footwall Hanging Wall

  9. Normal Faults

  10. Normal Faults

  11. Normal Faults

  12. Reverse Faults • Caused by compression forces along convergent plate boundaries • Has the same structure as a normal fault, but blocks move in opposite direction • One side lies at an angle above the other • Where the hanging wall is displaced upward relative to the footwall • OR where the footwall is displaced downward relative to the hanging wall

  13. Reverse Fault

  14. Reverse Fault Hanging Wall Footwall

  15. Reverse Fault

  16. Reverse Fault

  17. Reverse Fault

  18. Strike-Slip Fault • Created by shearing along transform boundaries • Rocks on either side of fault slip past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion

  19. Strike-Slip Faults

  20. Strike-Slip Fault

  21. Strike-Slip Fault

  22. Strike-Slip Fault

  23. Strike-Slip Fault

  24. Whose Fault? Side View

  25. Whose Fault? Side View

  26. Whose Fault? Birds-eye View

  27. Whose Fault? Side View

  28. Whose Fault? Side View

  29. Whose Fault? Birds-eye View

  30. Whose Fault? Side View

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