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Note 8 : Sampling

Sampling is an essential technique in the PPDAC cycle, allowing researchers to survey a portion of the population rather than every individual. Advantages of sampling include time efficiency, cost savings, and the ability to provide quick insights without compromising the entire dataset. It's crucial that samples are unbiased, randomly selected, and representative. Techniques for random sampling involve assigning numbers to population members and using a calculator to select participants. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and questionnaires, and collected data can be neatly organized into frequency tables.

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Note 8 : Sampling

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  1. Note 8: Sampling PPDAC cycle - reminder

  2. Sampling involves surveying some of the population. Advantages of sampling include: • Impractical and too time-consuming to survey everyone • Avoids unnecessary expense • Data may be unavailable • Gives a quick ’snapshot’ of the data • Avoids tampering with or destroying all the data

  3. A sample must: • be unbiased and representative of the population • be randomly selected • have every member of the population having an equal chance of being chosen

  4. Random Sampling • Every member of a population is allocated a number • Use the calculator to generate numbers (Number of items x RAN# + 1 – ignore decimals) • Match the number on the calculator with the relevant data, ignoring repeats • Stop when you have the required number for your sample

  5. Example: Select a sample of 4 subjects

  6. Note 9: Data Collection Data can be gathered by: • Observation • Interviews • Questionnaires Raw data can be organised into tables when it is collected

  7. Example: The 33 students were asked how many times they bought lunch at the canteen. Below is the tally of individual results. 0 4 0 3 5 0 5 5 0 2 1 0 5 2 3 0 0 5 5 1 2 5 5 3 0 0 1 5 0 5 1 3 0 The data can be summarised in a frequency table

  8. Page 248 Exercise A and B

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