Cassie

1. Ji Sun Andrew Stephanie Braiden Maddie Jordan Lorene Rory Arlo Ryan Will Hannah Hamish Jordan Peter Roseanna Bex Kayla Alex Emma Tim Kegan Justin Sammy AJ Jade Cassie Caitlin Loren Front of class

2. Materials

3. Metals • What are metals used for?

4. Activity On the periodic table in your booklet colour the metals red and nonmetals blue leave the metalliods (these are elements found on the border line between the metals and non metals) white. Give names to the following metal symbols: Al - Zn - Ag - Ni - Ca - Cu – Fe - Li - Mg – Pb - Na - Au - Aluminium Zinc Silver Copper Nickel Calcium Iron Lithium Magnesium Lead Sodium Gold

5. Physical Properties of Metals Malleable – this describes the physical property of metals to be bent. – this describes the physical property of metals to be stretched to form wires. – this describes the physical property of metals to conduct heat and electricity. – describes the shiny apperance of a metal - this describes whether something is solid, liquid or gas all metals except mercury are solid at room temperature Ductile Conductivity Lustrous State Copy these definitions into your book please

6. The outer electrons determine how reactive an element is What do you notice about the atoms in the first column (called group one) ? What do you notice about the atoms in group 2? What do you notice about the atoms in group 3A?

7. Objectives

8. What physical properties do metals have? Brainstorm can be made into wires All solids at room temperature except .. conduct heat mercury (Hg) physical properties of metals shiny Most have high melting points Can be bent or shaped Conduct electricity

9. Periodic Table Activity Complete the periodic table activity (refresher) Read the instructions carefully. Now complete the Family fun activity Use your big periodic table and look for the elements that aren’t in the right group Find out when do American vampires take a holiday

10. Use a Key to identify Metals • Use the key on page 85 to identify the unknown metals on the bench

11. Starter List the 5 Physical Properties of Metals Lustrous Malleable Conductors All metals except Hg are solid at room temperature lustrous

12. Activity Give names to the following metal symbols: Al - Zn - Ag - Ni - Ca - Cu – Fe - Li - Mg – Pb - Na - Au - Aluminium Zinc Silver Copper Nickel Calcium Iron Lithium Magnesium Lead Sodium Gold

13. Physical Properties of metals

14. Metal Structure • A metal consists of a regular arrangement of positive ions held together by a 'sea' of electrons.

15. Experiment- physical properties of metals Test each of the metals on the bench (except Hg) for the following – draw the grid in your book Colour and appearance After sanding Melting point (high or low) Is it bendy? Does it Conduct?

16. Metal Structure • A metal consists of a regular arrangement of positive ions held together by a 'sea' of electrons. • The electrons in the sea can move freely, but the positive ions usually can only vibrate in the one spot. This model explains the metallic properties: Note This type of metal bonding between positive ions and electrons in metals is strong giving metals high melting points.

17. Why do metals conduct electricity? The sea of negative electrons in metals allows electrical current to flow through the metal. These electrons also account for the shiny appearance of metals.

18. Why most metals can be bent or shaped As the metallic bonds do not act in a particular direction, the rows of positive ions can slide over one another easily. This allows the metal to be bent or shaped. This structure allows metals to be bent (malleable) or made into wires (ductile)

19. Why metals conduct heat The word particle in this passage refers to the metal ions. Demo by heating spatula with paper clips attached by vasoline

20. What is an Alloy? Why Are Alloys produced? Alloys are produced for a number of reasons. Usually alloys are made to give the metal alloy a combination of properties from two or more metals (or non metals) mixed together for a particular task. Eg stainless steel in bench tops What is stainless steel made of? Look in your text book and list the alloys and their uses from page 84 Think of some others to share with the class when you are finished

21. Metal structure Metals consist of p______ metal ions surrounded by n______ electrons. The attraction of the electrons for thep_____ ions acts like a glue that holds metals atoms together ositive egative ositive

22. Atoms are packed in tightly together, This makes a metal: Lattice of Nucleus’s (or ions) with strong bonds holding them together: This makes a metal: 1.malleable 2.ductile Lots of electrons free to move around This makes a metal: Have high melting point Strong Conduct electricity Lots of electrons on the surface This makes a metal: Lustrous or shiny

23. What are drawing pins made of? Method We will dissolve a drawing pin in a small amount of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) Get 4 test tubes in a rack. Now put 6 drops of the following into one of each test tube Magnesium solution Cu solution Fe solution drawing pin solution Add 6 drops of sodium hydroxide solution to each.

24. What are drawing pins made of? Write your observations in a chart like this: Comparing the colours of the solutions from our results we found that one of the metals in a pin was ......

25. What is an Alloy? Alloys are produced for a number of reasons. Usually alloys are made to give the metal alloy a combination of properties from two or more metals (or non metals) mixed together for a particular task. Eg stainless steel in bench tops What is the alloy stainless steel made of? Iron, carbon, nickel and chromium

26. Alloys 2 other common alloys are Steel – a mixture of _______ and ______ Brass – a mixture of ______and ____ What is the alloy stainless steel made of? iron carbon copper zinc Iron, carbon, nickel and chromium

28. copper sulfate and iron nail – what’s happening? iron     copper sulphate     iron sulphate     copper • What metal is losing electrons and is oxidised to form metal ions? • 2. Which metal ion is accepting electrons and being reduced to form a metal? Fe in nail Cu2+

29. These metals are more reactive and will oxidise easily and donate their electrons To the ions of these elements

30. Displacement Reactions • We will use our activity series to see if we can displace metal ions in solution

31. Displacement Reactions Expt • Choose one of the metals from the front bench (make sure it is clean –use the sand paper if it isn’t) • Place the metal in a solution of a less reactive metal ion • Draw a labelled diagram • Write down any observations underneath the diagram • Try another combination

32. Atoms and elements A substance made of one type of atom is called an element e.g. a piece of Aluminium (symbol Al) consists of only aluminium atoms bonded together and is called an element.

33. Brain Storming Activity Group your metals on your alphabet chart into groups of your choice Eg metal properties, metal uses, alloys, pure elements etc These are some examples but you can group them any way you want (remember you will have to justify your grouping) Now randomly (eyes closed) pick 2 words from the alphabet list Now combine these metals to make a new metal. Give your new metal a name List the physical properties of your new alloy Give some uses for your new metal

34. metal + oxygen Metal Reactions Metals and oxygen – general word reaction metal oxide Example : the word reaction for Aluminium reacting with oxygen is aluminium + oxygen aluminium oxide

35. Use the general reaction below to write both word equations then symbol equations for each of the metals reacting with oxygen metal + oxygen metal oxide magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide 2Mg + O2 2MgO calcium + oxygen calcium oxide 2Ca + O2 2CaO + oxygen sodium oxide sodium 4Na + O2 2Na2O

36. aluminium + oxygen aluminium oxide 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 zinc + oxygen zinc oxide 2Zn + O2 2ZnO + oxygen iron oxide iron 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3 copper + oxygen copper oxide 2Cu + O2 2CuO

37. Metals and oxygen What is Rust? Rust only occurs with iron (Fe) metal. Rusting is where iron reacts with oxygen in the air to form rust (also known as iron oxide Fe2O3) To form rust iron, water and oxygen must be present. Rust is always noticed by a reddish brown layer occurring on the surface of the iron.

38. What makes a metal a metal? Answer the following in you book. What metal can be bent in the passage? What is another word for bendiness? Bendiness is a ________ property of a metal

39. metal + oxygen Use the general reaction below to write word equations for each of the metals reacting if they react with oxygen (if they don’t react write no reaction) metal oxide sodium + oxygen sodium oxide calcium + oxygen calcium oxide magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide aluminium + oxygen aluminium oxide zinc + oxygen zinc oxide iron + oxygen iron oxide copper + oxygen copper oxide

40. Starter Some metals react with water to form a m______ h___________and h_________ g___ Eg sodium + water Sodium hydoxide + hydrogen gas

41. Metal structure Starter Metals consist of p______ metal ions surrounded by n______ electrons. The attraction of the e_______ for the p_____ ions acts like a glue that holds metals atoms together

42. The general reaction for a metal reacting with water is: metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen

43. First write the word equation for each then balance the following 1.Li + H2O 2 2 2LiOH + H2 2.Ca + H2O 2 Ca(OH)2 + H2

44. Metal /Acid reactions Most metals will react with dilute acids to give off hydrogen gas and form a salt. The general formula for a metal acid reaction is Metal + acid Metal salt + hydrogen gas Write word equations for these acid metal reactions Magnesium + hydrochloric acid Magnesium + chloride hydrogen gas Iron + hydrochloric acid Iron (ll)Chloride + hydrogen gas Zinc + hydrochloric acid Zinc Chloride + hydrogen gas

45. Give a balanced equation of an HCl / Mg reaction Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 Write a balanced equation for an sulfuric acid and Iron metal reaction Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 Give a balanced equation of an HCl /Zn reaction Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

46. The general reaction for a metal reacting with an acid is: metal + acid metal salt + hydrogen Experiment: metals and acid Acid and metal

47. The reactivity of metals Teacher Demonstration A small piece of sodium or lithium is placed in a tank of water Record in your book what happens _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Use your Year 10 text to complete the following. Complete the word equation for the reaction of sodium and water Sodium metal + water sodium hydroxide + _______ gas hydrogen What is the name of the test for hydrogen gas? The pop test

48. Investigation: metals and acid The general reaction for a metal reacting with an acid is: metal + acid metal salt + hydrogen • Aim: to observe the reactions of metals with acid and sort out which react are more reactive.

49. Instructions • Place small samples of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mg in labelled test tubes in a test tube rack • If you see bubbling try to collect the gas and try to ignite it using the pop test • Record your results in the chart provided Remember the pop test for hydrogen gas? Point tube away from faces

50. Draw this table in your Exercise book