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Baroque Era

Baroque Era. 1600-1750. www.nyu.edu. Baroque Era. Began with Opera Ended with the death of Johann Sebastian Bach Term “Baroque” originally applied to architecture Describes architecture, music, painting, literature, and fashion of that era Fancy and highly decorative.

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Baroque Era

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  1. Baroque Era 1600-1750 www.nyu.edu

  2. Baroque Era • Began with Opera • Ended with the death of Johann Sebastian Bach • Term “Baroque” originally applied to architecture • Describes architecture, music, painting, literature, and fashion of that era • Fancy and highly decorative

  3. Composers of the Baroque Era • Johann Sebastian Bach • George Frederick Handel • Arcangelo Corelli • Georg Philipp Telemann • Antonio Vivaldi Portrait of Bach, Haussmann, 1748

  4. Instruments used during the Baroque Era • Harpsichord • Primary keyboard instrument • Flute • Oboe • Bassoon • Trombone • Valveless Trumpets and Horns • Organ

  5. What made the Baroque Era Unique? • Written dynamics introduced • New styles of entertainment introduced: • Opera: combines singing, dance, orchestra, costumes, and scenery • Ballet: dance with orchestra • Music although considered simple emphasized emotion and showed personal side of composers • Composers of this time period composed simple melodies that could be ornamented and extravagant.

  6. Key Terms • Cadenza • Unaccompanied passage before the end of a piece • Dynamics • Refers to how a musical piece is played (loudness, softness) • Piano • Soft • Forte • Loud • Crescendo • Gradually louder • Decrescendo • Gradually softer

  7. Baroque Musical Styles • Fugue-structured, musical piece that requires two or more voices and built on a subject that is imitated throughout piece. • Tocatta- a musical composition usually for organ or harpsichord played in a free style and characterized by full chords and quick passages. Show off piece.

  8. Johann Sebastian Bach • Born March 21, 1685 in Germany. His parents died when he was very young. • Brother, Christoph was a church organist and taught him how to play the organ and harpsichord • Later in life became a court organist and violinist and was also a teacher. • He composed several types of music, such as, fugues, toccatas, and cantatas. Except opera. • Composed over 100 works in his lifetime but very little of them were published during his lifetime. • One of the greatest composers of all time. • Died on July 28, 1750 which also ended the Baroque Era.

  9. Fugue and Toccata • Fugue- is a structured piece of music that contains a subject that is recurring and also contains contrasting parts called episodes • Toccata- free style piece. Very quick, fast moving with long full chords.

  10. Musical Examples http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FXoyr_FyFw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0pfBoT46eI

  11. George Frideric Handel • Born February 23, 1685 in Germany. Showed great musical talent from a very young age and always knew he wanted to be a musician. • Parents had other plans for him and wanted him to become a lawyer. • Became very interested in opera after leaving school. Was a violinist. • Wrote vocal music in many different languages. • Wrote many operas and oratorios during his lifetime.

  12. Baroque Musical Styles cont’d. • Oratorio- A musical piece that describes a sacred story and played with accompaniment. • Text taken from the Bible. • Like an opera but more like a concert piece than a stage piece. • 17th century- oratorios became more popular because opera was banned during a certain part of the church year.

  13. Musical Examples • Oratorio • Hallelujah Chorus • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c • Rejoice • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNt1Qj4MA6M

  14. Opera • A dramatic story that is put to music. The plot is told by orchestral and vocal music. Costumes and scenery is also used in an opera.

  15. Parts of the Opera • Libretto- the text of an opera • Recitative- is a song that is spoken in rhythm to tell a story rather than singing the melody. • Leit-motif- a theme or musical phrase to identify a certain character in an opera. • Aria- song used for solo purposes in an opera. • Overture- the musical composition played at the beginning of an opera.

  16. Types of Opera • Grand Opera- A dramatic story that usually is tragic that is sung in its entirety. This could also be known as Opera Seria. (serious opera) • Comic opera- a humorous musical play that can be performed with or without dialogue. • Opera comique- a cheerful or tragic story in which spoken dialogue is used.

  17. Musical Examples http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzIUL0wKkgU

  18. Romantic Era 1820-1900

  19. The Romantic Era • Came after the Classical Era. • Resented the simplicity of the Classical Era. • Focused on emotions, imagination, and individualism. • Music was usually created to perform for concerts that required admission.

  20. Romantic Era • Composers were influenced by the political, and social changes of the time and this caused them to put emotion into their music.

  21. Music of the Romantic Era • Symphonies- were more pragmatic, meaning they told stories or scenes through music. • Composers started using different rhythms, melodies, different meters, chromaticism, and several tempo changes to create tension and expression in their music. • Orchestra size grew. Allowed composers to make bigger dynamic changes.

  22. Instruments of the Romantic Era • Many instruments were redesigned during this time. • Valves were invented for brass instruments. • Clarinets and flutes also became easier to play with keys • Saxophone was also invented in 1846.

  23. Instruments

  24. Instruments

  25. Instuments

  26. Instruments

  27. Styles of Music • Opera • Symphony • Sonatas • Ballet

  28. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky • Born May 7, 1840 in Russia. • Began studying music at 22 • He worked for the government and wrote music while he considered a career in music. • He wrote symphonies, operas, and music for ballets. • His music is said to be very enjoyable(played often) • He lived alone • Very depressed. Always felt his music was never good enough.

  29. Ballet • Ballet- a stage show in which ballet dancing and music, often with scenery and costumes, are combined to tell a story.

  30. Musical Examples http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Id-zGCTT8DQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvriN62Y5bY

  31. The Nutcracker • Ballet • Music written by Tchaikovsky • One of the most famous ballets • Performed the most around Christmas time • Seven dances each written in different forms (ABA ABACA) • Tells the story of a girl named Clara whose nutcracker toy gets broken and doesn’t know how to fix it. She goes down stairs to check one night by the tree and the toys come to life before her eyes.

  32. New Instrument celesta

  33. Musical Example http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2PQ8LWXZD8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wz_f9B4pPtg

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