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Understanding Valence Electrons in the Periodic Table: Shells and Element Families

This educational resource explores the periodic table's structure, focusing on element families, outer shells, and valence electrons. Students will identify elements with complete outer shells and those with a single valence electron, analyzing their locations on the periodic table. Discussions will include trends in valence electrons as you move across periods and down groups, and the classification of different elements into families, such as Alkali Metals and Noble Gases. Engage with key questions to deepen your understanding of chemical properties.

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Understanding Valence Electrons in the Periodic Table: Shells and Element Families

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  1. Al Si Ne Li He P H Periodic Table Basics Be O Mg F Na N B C Cl T. Trimpe http://sciencespot.net/

  2. Which elements had complete outer shells? Give the name and symbol for each. • ________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____ • What do you notice about the location of these elements? • 2. Which elements had only one valence electron? Give the name and symbol for each. • ________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____ • What do you notice about the location of these elements?

  3. 3. What do you notice about the number of valence electrons as you move from left to right across a row or period in the periodic table? Na Mg  Al  Si  P  S  Cl  Ar 4. What do you notice about the number of energy levels or shells as you move down a group or column in the periodic table? H  Li  Na

  4. Alkali Metals Noble Gases AlkalineEarthMetals BoronFamily CarbonFamily NitrogenFamily OxygenFamily Halides 5. Write the name of each family at the top of the columns on your periodic table using the following information. 6. What do you notice about the location of the elements in each family?

  5. Alkali Metals Noble Gases AlkalineEarthMetals BoronFamily CarbonFamily NitrogenFamily OxygenFamily Halides 7. In what family would you classify hydrogen? Explain.

  6. Alkali Metals Noble Gases AlkalineEarthMetals BoronFamily CarbonFamily NitrogenFamily OxygenFamily Halides 8. In what family would each of these elements be classified? Radium - ________________________ Tin - ________________________ Iodine - ________________________ Cesium - ________________________

  7. 9. Predict the number of valence electrons for each element based on its location in the Periodic Table of Elements. You will need to use the table in your textbook. Barium = _____ Lead = _____ Bismuth = _____ Potassium = _____

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