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Integumentary System

Ms. Bowman. Integumentary System. Covers the entire body Surface area of 1.2 to 2.2 square meters 9-11 lb Accounts for about 7% of total body weight in average adult Varies in thickness from 1.5 to 4.0 milimeters. The Skin. The skin. Characteristics Waterproof Stretchable

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Integumentary System

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  1. Ms. Bowman Integumentary System

  2. Covers the entire body Surface area of 1.2 to 2.2 square meters 9-11 lb Accounts for about 7% of total body weight in average adult Varies in thickness from 1.5 to 4.0 milimeters The Skin

  3. The skin • Characteristics • Waterproof • Stretchable • Repairs itself • Functions • Protection • Body temperature regulation • Cutaneous sensation • Metabolic functions • Blood reservoir • Excretion

  4. 2 distinct regions • Epidermis • Composed of epithelial cells • Outermost protective shield • Dermis • Makes up the bulk of the skin • Tough, leathery layer • Composed of fibrous connective tissue • Vascularized Skin

  5. Subcutaneous tissue deep to the skin • Not technically part of the skin • Shares some of the protective functions of skin • Functions • Stores fat • Anchors skin to underlying structures • Acts as a shock absorber • Insulator Hypodermis

  6. Keratinocytes • Produce keratin (fribrous protein that gives epidermis its protective properties • Undergo continuous mitosis • Pushed upward as new cells are formed • When they reach the top, they are dead • Millions rub off everyday; new epidermis every 25-45 days Epidermis

  7. Melanocytes • Spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize melanin (pigment) • Melanin protects the nucleus of keratinocytes from the damaging effects of UV radiation from sunlight Epidermis

  8. Langerhan’s Cells • Arise from bone marrow • Phagocytes that ingest foreign substances • Activates immune system Epidermis

  9. Merkel Cells • Associated with a sensory nerve ending • Functions as a sensory receptor Epidermis

  10. Strong, flexible Binds entire body together Richly supplied with nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels Hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands reside here Dermis

  11. Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands- • 3 million per person • Excrete sweat • Sebaceous (Oil) Glands- • Secrete oily secretion called sebum • Sebum softens and lubricates hair and skin Appendages of the Skin

  12. Hairs and Hair Follicles • Hair helps to keep mammals warm • Main function is to sense insects on the skin before they bite or sting • On head, guards against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight • Eyelashes shield eyes • Nose hairs filter large particles from air we inhale Appendages of the skin

  13. Nails • Forms a clear protective covering on the dorsal surface of the distal part of a finger or toe • Useful as tools to help pick up small objects and scratch an itch Appendages of the skin

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