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6.21 Reactions of Alkenes with Alkenes: Polymerization. Polymerization of Alkenes. cationic polymerization free-radical polymerization coordination polymerization. (CH 3 ) 2 C. CH 2. CH 3. CH 3. CH 3 CCH. CH 3 CCH 2 C. C(CH 3 ) 2. CH 2. CH 3. CH 3. CH 3. Cationic Polymerization.
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Polymerization of Alkenes • cationic polymerization • free-radical polymerization • coordination polymerization
(CH3)2C CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3CCH CH3CCH2C C(CH3)2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 Cationic Polymerization Dimerization of 2-methylpropene monomer(C4H8) H2SO4 two dimers(C8H16) +
CH3 CH3 + H2C C + CH3C CH3 CH3 CH3 + CH3CCH2C CH3 CH3 CH3 Mechanism of Dimerization
CH3 CH3 CH3CCH CH3CCH2C C(CH3)2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 + CH3CCH2C CH3 CH3 CH3 Mechanism of Dimerization +
CH2 O2 peroxides 200 °C 2000 atm CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 Free-Radical Polymerization of Ethylene H2C polyethylene
.. RO .. H2C CH2 Mechanism •
.. RO: Mechanism H2C CH2 •
.. RO: H2C CH2 Mechanism H2C CH2 •
.. RO: Mechanism H2C CH2 H2C CH2 •
.. RO: H2C CH2 Mechanism H2C CH2 H2C CH2 •
.. RO: Mechanism H2C CH2 H2C CH2 H2C CH2 •
.. RO: H2C CH2 Mechanism H2C CH2 H2C CH2 H2C CH2 •
CHCH3 CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 Free-Radical Polymerization of Propene H2C polypropylene
.. RO .. Mechanism • H2C CHCH3
.. RO: Mechanism H2C CHCH3 •
.. RO: H2C CHCH3 Mechanism H2C CHCH3 •
.. RO: Mechanism H2C CHCH3 H2C CHCH3 •
.. RO: H2C CHCH3 Mechanism H2C CHCH3 H2C CHCH3 •
.. RO: Mechanism H2C CHCH3 H2C CHCH3 H2C CHCH3 •
.. RO: H2C CHCH3 Mechanism H2C CHCH3 H2C CHCH3 H2C CHCH3 •
Likewise... • H2C=CHCl Æ polyvinyl chloride • H2C=CHC6H5 Æ polystyrene • F2C=CF2Æ Teflon