Domain 5 Flashcards

1. Domain 5 Flashcards (240 – 300) Modern Era

2. 248 • During the decade after WWII record number of babies were born in the U.S. • Largest generation in American history. Baby Boom

3. 249 • 1st master planned community (mass produced subdivision) because the baby boom created need for houses. • Levittown was located in Long Island, NY. Levittown

4. 250 • Authorized the construction of 41,000 miles of expressways to be built in the U.S. • Connected every major city in America. Interstate Highway Act

5. 275 • By 1960, 90% of US homes had a TV. • TV influenced American attitudes toward: • Politics (televised debate between JFK and Nixon) • Civil Rights (many began supporting) • Vietnam (many began opposing) Impact of TV on American culture, particularly in the 60s

6. 296 • 1. TV - This invention influenced politics, Civil Rights Movement, and Vietnam • 2. Air Conditioners – This invention allowed business development and growth in hot/humid areas. • 3. Later - Personal computers, Internet, cell phones allow unlimited connections worldwide. Impact of technology on American life

7. 276 • Caused the U.S. to change education to focus more on math, science, and foreign language so that we could compete with the Soviet Union in the Space Race. Impact of competition between the Soviet Union and US in regards to Sputnik

8. 240 • 1947 – First African American to play Major League Baseball (played for Brooklyn Dodgers). • Led to integration of other professional sports. Jackie Robinson

9. 287 • 1948 – Truman’s executive order ended segregation in the military & discrimination in US government jobs. • Led to civil rights laws in the 60’s. Importance of Truman’s integration of the US Military and federal government

10. 251 • 1954 - Supreme Court Case that integrated public schools. • Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Brown Vs. Board of Education

11. 288 “Little Rock Nine” Incident: • Arkansas governor refused to follow Brown vs. BOE ruling and called in the National Guard to keep 9 black students out of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. • President Eisenhower sent federal troops in to Little Rock to force integration. Efforts to resist integration of schools

12. 241 • Well known Civil Rights leader • Wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail” to explain why civil rights needed to be achieved now and not later. • Delivered the “I have a Dream” speech to ask for peace and racial harmony. • Founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) • Assassinated in April 1968 Martin Luther King, Jr.

13. 252 • 1963 - Letter written by Martin Luther King, Jr. to explain to white religious leaders why integration needs to happen now. Letter from Birmingham Jail

14. 253 • 1963 - Speech delivered by Martin Luther King, Jr. in Washington, DC asking for peace and racial harmony. • Over 250,000 gathered at the Lincoln Memorial to hear the speech. I Have a Dream

15. 254 • Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson • Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender. • All citizens now had the right to enter any public building in the US (parks, restrooms, theaters, etc.) Civil Rights Act of 1964

16. 255 • Outlawed required literacy tests for voter registration. • Provided money to pay for voter registration programs. • Gave the US Department of Justice the right to oversee voting laws. Voting Rights Act of 1965

17. 278 • Brown vs. Board of Education • Miranda vs. Arizona • Freedom of Speech • Individual rights • All states must abide by Supreme Court rulings Warren court and expansion of individual rights

18. 256 • 1963 landmark Supreme Court case that requires police to inform suspects of their constitutional rights at the time of arrest. • This decision strengthened Americans’ individual rights. Miranda vs. Arizona

19. 279 • Showed how strong the US govt. is – that although a president could be killed, the govt. would live on. • Lyndon B. Johnson had the support of the people to force his domestic agenda through(Economic Opportunity Act, War on Poverty, Civil Rights Act) Political impact of President John F. Kennedy’s assassination

20. 289 • Vice-President for JFK and became president after JFK’s assassination. • Johnson’s vision for America was called the “Great Society”: • To give Americans a better standard of living and more opportunities. • Medicare. • Improved education. • Environmental protection. • Immigration reform. Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society

21. 257 • Part of Johnson’s Great Society program that provided medical help for the elderly. Medicare

22. 280 • January – Tet Offensive • April – Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. • June – Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy • August – The Democratic National Convention turns violent in Chicago. Social and political turmoil of 1968

23. 242 • John F. Kennedy’s younger brother and closest advisor. • Was planning to run for president in 1968 but was assassinated after winning the California and South Dakota primaries. Robert Kennedy

24. 277 • Great strides toward racial equality were made during the 25 years following World War II. • Brown vs. Board of Education • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • California vs. Bakke Causes and consequences of Civil Rights legislation

25. 258 • SCLC – Civil Rights group started by MLK, Jr. and other ministers. • Used non-violent tactics of marches and demonstrations. • Allowed black and white membership. Southern Christian Leadership Conference

26. 259 • SNCC - Civil Rights group started by college students • Led sit-ins and Freedom Rides. • Originally was non-violent, but later they began using militant and violent tactics. • Originally allowed black and white membership, but later changed to only allow black membership and supported a message of “black power”. Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

27. 260 • Strategy used by SNCC members. • Sit-ins involved sitting at segregated lunch counters in the south to protest segregation. Sit-ins

28. 261 • Led by SNCC members. • Road interstate buses throughout the south to test the new laws against segregation in public transportation. • Some freedom riders were met with violent resistance. Freedom Rides

29. 295 • Both SCLC and SNCC were civil rights groups. • SCLC was led by ministers and allowed both black & white membership while SNCC was college age students and eventually only allowed black membership. • SCLC was more peaceful whereas SNCC began using violent and militant tactics to promote a message of “black pride”. SNCC and SCLC tactics and changing compositions

30. 297 • Started by college students to oppose the war in Vietnam. • Led protests, marches, sit-ins, demonstrations. Also dodged the draft by burning draft cards and fleeing to Canada. Anti-Vietnam War Movement

31. 281 • The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966. • Worked to promote equal rights and opportunities for women. • Originated from the Civil Rights and Anti-Vietnam War movements. Origins and goals of modern women’s movement

32. 262 • The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966. • Worked to promote equal rights and opportunities for women. • Goals included equality in employment, political and social equality, and passage of the equal rights amendment (which was never passed). National Organization of Women

33. 298 • A union for Latino migrant workers started by Cesar Chavez in California. • Their work led to higher wages and better benefits for farm workers. United Farm Workers Movement

34. 243 • Founder of the United Farm Worker’s Movement • 1965 - Started a nationwide boycott of California grapes in order to force grape growers to give farm workers higher wages and other benefits. Cesar Chavez

35. 244 • 1962 - Wrote Silent Spring, a book about pesticides and how dangerous they are for the environment. • Her work led to passage of the Water Quality Act of 1965, the 1st Earth Day in 1970, and creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970. Rachel Carson

36. 263 • Book written by Rachel Carson in 1962. • Exposed the dangers of pesticides on the environment. • Her work led to passage of the Water Quality Act of 1965, the 1st Earth Day in 1970, and creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970. Silent Spring

37. 290 • Silent Spring by Rachel Carson • Water Quality Act of 1965 • 1st Earth Day – 1970 • Establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970 Modern Environmental Movement

38. 264 • First celebrated in 1970 to raise awareness of environmental issues. Earth Day

39. 265 • Agency created by President Nixon in 1970 to set limits on pollution, conduct environmental research, and assist state and local govts with pollution clean-ups. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

40. 282 • Conservatives began questioning the liberal policies of the Democratic party. • Conservatives wanted to decrease federal govt. powers (such as social welfare) and increase powers to the state and local governments. • Popular conservatives were Barry Goldwater, Richard Nixon, and Ronald Reagan. Rise of the conservative movement

41. 245 • Conservative Republican who ran against LBJ in 1964. • Believed it was not the federal government’s responsibility to fix social & economic problems such as poverty & discrimination. • Lost the presidential election but contributed to the rise of the conservative movement and the popularity of other conservatives like Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan. Barry Goldwater

42. 246 • Conservative Republican who became president in 1968. • New Federalism • Ended US involvement in Vietnam. • Resigned due to the Watergate scandal (only president to ever resign). Richard Nixon

43. 291 • Controversial decisions that changed society and strengthened individual rights. Impact of Supreme Court decisions on ideas about civil liberties and civil rights

44. 266 • 1973 landmark Supreme Court case that legalized abortion in the first trimester. • Expanded the constitutional right of privacy to include abortion. Roe vs. Wade

45. 267 • 1978 Supreme Court case that ruled race can be used when considering college admissions, but racial quotas cannot be used. • Gave constitutional protection to affirmative action programs that give equal access to minorities. Regents of University of California vs. Bakke

46. 268 • Giving consideration to race, religion, ethnicity, gender to make things equal for a certain group. Affirmative Action

47. 283 • Nixon visited communist China in 1971 to seek scientific, cultural, and trade agreements. • China becomes our ally against the Soviets and our trading partner. • Nixon also became the first US president to visit the Soviet Union (in 1972). Nixon’s opening of China

48. 284 • 1974 - Nixon resigns in order to avoid impeachment over his involvement in the Watergate Scandal. • Richard Nixon is the only US president to ever resign from office. Nixon’s resignation due to Watergate scandal

49. 285 • Due to the Vietnam War (and leaking of the Pentagon Papers) and the Watergate scandal, Americans become angry and distrusting of politicians and lawyers. Changing attitude toward government

50. 247 • Served as Richard Nixon’s vice-president. • Became President when Nixon resigned. • Pardoned Nixon after taking office, which hurt his approval among the American people and he only served as president for 2 years. • The US experienced the worst economic recession since the Great Depression while Ford was in office. Gerald Ford