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Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D

A xilla - P lexus brachialis S houlder - A rm Review in 22 Questions. Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 10.January.2012 Tuesday. THE ANATOMY. OF AXILLA. IN. 8 QUESTIONS. 1. What is axilla?. An area of transition between neck & arm

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Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D

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  1. Axilla-Plexus brachialis • Shoulder-Arm • Review in 22 Questions • Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D • 10.January.2012 Tuesday

  2. THE ANATOMY OF AXILLA IN 8 QUESTIONS

  3. 1. What is axilla? An area of transition between neck & arm Pyramidal space inferior to shoulder, at the junction of the arm and thorax Distribution center for the neurovascular structures that serve the upper limb

  4. 2. How does the axilla connect with other regions? Superiorly[cervico-axillary canal]neck Anteriorly[clavipectoral triangle]pectoral Inferiorly & laterally limb itself Posteriorlyquadrangular space scapular

  5. 3. How are the 4 walls of axilla formed? Medial wall Lateral wall Posterior wall Anterior wall

  6. 4. What are the 3 gateways in the posterior wall? Circumflex scapular artery & vein Axillary nerve Posterior circumflex humeral artery&vein Radial nerve &profundabrachiiartery

  7. 5. ...contents of the axilla? Axillary vein Axillary artery Brachial plexus

  8. 6. What is axillary artery? Pectoralis minor 1 1 2 3 2 superior thoracic artery 3

  9. 7. What is axillary vein?

  10. 8. ...lymphatics in the axilla?

  11. THE ANATOMY OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS IN 3 QUESTIONS

  12. 1. What is brachial plexus? union of the anterior rami of the last 4 cervical (C5-C8) & first thoracic (T1) nerves union of the anterior rami of the last 4 cervical (C5-C8) & first thoracic (T1) nerves

  13. 2. How is the brachial plexus formed? The parts of the brachial plexus, from medial to lateral roots, trunks, divisions, & cords. All major nerves that innervate the upper limb originate from the brachial plexus, mostly from the cords

  14. 3. ...the main branches of the brachial plexus?

  15. THE ANATOMY OF SHOULDER IN 5 QUESTIONS

  16. 1. What are the superficial muscles of the shoulder? The

  17. 2. What are the EXTRINSIC SHOULDER MUSCLES? Deep extrinsic shoulder muscles Superficial extrinsic shoulder muscles

  18. 3. What are the INTRINSIC SHOULDER MUSCLES? X Deltoid

  19. 4. What is rotator cuff? Form a musculotendinous rotator cuff around the glenohumeral joint.

  20. 5. .... nerves in the posterior scapular region? Axillary nerve Suprascapular nerve Supraspinatus muscle &infraspinatus Deltoid & teres minor

  21. THE ANATOMY OF ARM IN 6 QUESTIONS

  22. Arm is the region of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow. • The superior aspect of the arm communicates medially with the axilla. • Inferiorly, a number of important structures pass between arm & forearm through cubital fossa, positioned anterior to the elbow joint.

  23. 2. ...muscles of the anterior compartment? Coracobrachialis coracoid process of scapula Helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder • Brachialis Flexes forearm in all positions • Biceps brachii Supinates forearm Flexes forearm • innervated predominantly by musculocutaneous nerve.

  24. 3. ...muscles of the posterior compartment? posterior surface of humerus, superiorto radial groove infraglenoid tubercle of scapula posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove Proximal end of olecranon of ulna fascia of forearm

  25. 4. ...arteries in the arm? Superior ulnar collateral artery Inferior ulnar collateral artery Profundabrachii artery Nutrient arteries to the humerus

  26. 5. ....veins in the arm? TWO SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE ARM basilica Medial of the two inside the church

  27. 6. ....nerves in the arm? • Median nerve • vertically down the medial side of the arm in the anterior compartment • no major branches in the arm or in the axilla. Ulnar nerve the most medial side of the arm in the anterior compartment Musculocutanous nerve Passes through the coracobrachialis emerges laterally to the tendon of the biceps brachii at the elbow

  28. 6. ....nerves in the arm? • Radial nerve Cutaneous branches inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm Anterior to the lateral epicondyle, divides into: Deep branch (motor) Superficial branch(sensory)

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