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This review focuses on key cell structures including lysosomes, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum. It explores energy-requiring processes such as active transport, glycolysis, and the Krebs cycle, while highlighting the differences between autotrophs and heterotrophs. The review also examines cell junctions like tight junctions and the effects of hypotonic solutions on animal cells. Additionally, cyclic electron flow and the role of NADPH are discussed in the context of photosynthesis. Ideal for students preparing for biology exams, this overview consolidates essential concepts.
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What cell structure contains hydrolytic enzymes and functions in intracellular digestion? a) nucleus b) flagella c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum d) lysosome e)cytoskeleton
Which process or processes below require the input of energy (ATP)? a) facilitative diffusion b) osmosis c) active transport d) Both a and b require ATP use e) a, b, and c all require ATP use.
Is Lactic acid reduced or oxidized in the reaction shown? Oxidized
Oxidized Loss of Hydrogen Gain of hydrogen Reduced
NADH It lost hydrogen FMN It gained hydrogen
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? Autotrophs are capable of forming organic molecules from inorganic raw materials, while heterotrophs are not.
Carbon dioxide is released during cellular respiration at which of the following points. • Glycolysis • Krebs cycle • Electron transport system • Both Glycolysis and Krebs cycle • Both Glycolysis and Electron transport system
Which type of cell junction would function primarily as a means to stop the movement of materials in between adjacent cells? a) plasmodesmata b) gap junction c) desmosome d) tight junction
An animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution will… a) lose water b) gain water
Microtubules are an important structural component of… a) mitochondria b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) cilia d) chloroplasts e) two of the above
Cyclic electron flow involves electrons from … a) photosystem I b) photosystem II c) both photosystem I and photosystem II
NADPH is oxidized to NADP+ in the… a) light reactions b) Calvin cycle c) both light reactions and Calvin cycle d) in cellular respiration only e) in cellular respiration and the light reactions