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The Cold War

The Cold War . Journal #34. What do you know about the Cold War? List as many things as you can. Where did you learn or hear about this information? Write at least one thing you know on the board and then hand in your journals. . Review (pgs. 516-517) . Nuremberg Trials Denazification

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War

  2. Journal #34 • What do you know about the Cold War? List as many things as you can. • Where did you learn or hear about this information? • Write at least one thing you know on the board and then hand in your journals.

  3. Review (pgs. 516-517) • Nuremberg Trials • Denazification • Refugees • Situation in Japan • Democratization • Constitution • Diet (parliament) • Demilitarization

  4. Yalta and Potsdam • Yalta Conference, 1945: Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe • But wants Poland to be a barrier between the USSR and Germany (wants Poland Communist) • By the Potsdam Conference: • Separate “spheres of influence” • Big 3 breakdown

  5. Occupied Germany • Three zones under military rule • British, US, Russian • Berlin in the Soviet zone • Berlin divided into four zones: • French (West Berlin) • British (West Berlin) • US (West Berlin) • Soviet (East Berlin)

  6. Creation of the United Nations • Founded in 1945 by 51 countries (now 192) • General Assembly • Security Council • 5 permanent members • US, China, Russia, Great Britain, France • Veto powers • 15 members total • Goal to settle disputes and keep peace

  7. Review of Communism and contrasting US-Soviet goals • Look at the chart on pg. 532. • Which US and Soviet aims in Europe conflicted? • Communism review:

  8. Essential Questions • What was the Cold War? • Why did World War II cause a split between the United States and the Soviet Union?

  9. What is the “Cold” War? • Why “cold”? • Definition: Struggle over different political ideologies carried on by means short of military action or war

  10. How was the Cold War “fought”? • Espionage (spying) • Propaganda • Multinational alliances • Foreign aid to win allies • Brinkmanship • Surrogate wars

  11. Did the Cold War ever heat up? • Yes—with surrogate or proxy wars • Wars in which opposing powers use other countries as substitutes for fighting each other directly • Examples?

  12. Journal #35 • What is a superpower? (there can be multiple answers for this…) • What are some famous superpower countries from history? • Who are the superpower countries today? Why?

  13. 1946-1948: Beginning of the Cold War • Our Essential Question today: What events occurred post-World War II that increased tensions between the USSR and US? • Causes of the Cold War: • Ideological/social • Political • Economic

  14. For each event, consider: • Is this an example of an American or Soviet escalation (“heating up”) of the Cold War? • Is this a social/ideological, political, or economic cause? Or all three?

  15. Expert Groups • Iron Curtain: Brendan, Madison, Roman • Containment: Kyle, Jacob, Tyler • Truman Doctrine: Morgan, Spencer, Ben • Marshall Plan: Anthony, Giulianna, Josh, Brian • Berlin Blockade/Berlin Airlift: Siany, Kevin, Evan, Peter

  16. Rank Rank all five events from: -1. Most significant in escalating the war to… -5. Least significant in escalating the war For each ranking, write 1-2 sentences justifying your choice.

  17. Journal #36 • What has been the most challenging part of the research process for you so far? • Is there anything you feel that you need more information about or more help on to succeed in your research paper?

  18. Review: • Containment (1947) • Truman Doctrine (1947) • Marshall Plan (1947) • Berlin Blockade and Airlift (1948-49) • Iron Curtain (1949)

  19. The Iron Curtain Map

  20. Finding Primary Sources • A huge list here: http://www.calstatela.edu/library/guides/psweb.htm

  21. Journal #37 • What makes someone a great leader? What qualities do they possess that make people want to follow them?

  22. China: Background • Nationalist Leader: Jiang Jieshi (or Chiang Kai-shek) • Nationalists overthrew the Qing dynasty (emperor) in 1911 • Formed a republic, but it was corrupt • Communist Leader: Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung) • Formed the Communist Party in 1921 • Peasants (not city proletariat) are the revolutionaries • Civil war: 1930-1938

  23. Civil War • 1946-1949 • World War II: • Occupied by the Japanese • Death toll: 10-22 million • Both sides join forces against the Japanese • Post World War II: • Civil war resumes

  24. 1949: Another domino falls • Despite US support for Nationalists, Communists defeat them • New government: People’s Republic of China • Supported by USSR • Nationalists set up their own government on the island of Taiwan • Supported by US

  25. Communist China • Key terms to look out for in the film: • Collective farms/communes • “The Great Leap Forward” (1958-1961) • Red Guards • The Cultural Revolution (1966-1968)

  26. Journal #38 • What is one similarity you notice between the Communist countries we have learned about so far (Russia and China)?

  27. Arms race and space race • 1949: USSR gets the bomb • 1952 and 1953: US and USSR create the H-bomb, more powerful than the A-bomb • Brinkmanship • 1957: Soviets create ICBM rocket (intercontinental ballistic missile) and launched Sputnik • 1958: American satellite Explorer • 1960: U-2 spy plane incident

  28. Primary source analysis practice • Step 1: Read the title, author, and intro. • Step 2: Read the questions, especially the long answer question! • Step 3: Highlight or underline: • Main ideas • Answers to the questions • Carefully re-read the sections of the text when you answer the questions!

  29. Journal #39 • How was your Thanksgiving break? • Review: Today and tomorrow we will be learning about the Korean and Vietnam Wars. Make a prediction: with what we have learned about Eastern Europe and China, what do you think happens in these countries? Why do you think the US gets involved?

  30. Korea • 1950-1953 • First “hot war” of the Cold War • World War II: • With Japanese surrender, Allies divide Korea at the 38th parallel (dividing the country) • North: Soviet Union, communist • South: United States, democratic

  31. 38th Parallel

  32. Korean War • Both sides wanted to reunify the country • 1950: N. Korea invades S. Korea • US, United Nations fights with the South • China backs the North, sends 300,000 troops • Result: Cease fire and stalemate at the 38th parallel

  33. Textbook Analysis • Why might textbooks from different countries offer different versions of the same historical events? • When textbooks offer conflicting accounts, how do you decide which textbook to believe?

  34. Who started the Korean War? • According to each textbook, how did the war start? • Which textbook do you find more trustworthy? Why? • Where else would you look to find out how the Korean War started? • Which textbook comes from North Korea? Which comes from South Korea? • Compare these textbooks with ours.

  35. North Korea Today • Demilitarized zone • Communist dictator Kim Il Sung and son Kim Jong Il • Development of nuclear weapons

  36. Journal #40 • 1. What did you think of the North Korea travel clips yesterday? • 2. List the divided countries following World War II. • 3. What are problems of divided countries?

  37. Vietnam War • America’s longest war: 1950-1975 • Millions of Vietnamese deaths and 58,000 American deaths

  38. Roots of the conflict • Vietnam a French colony • Ho Chi Minh: Communist revolutionary • 1945: Beginning of fight for Vietnam’s independence

  39. Ho Chi Minh

  40. Result of independence:1954 • Geneva Convention divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel • S. Vietnam: • Anti-communist Ngo Dinh Diem backed by US • Corrupt dictatorship • N. Vietnam: • Communist Ho Chi Minh

  41. War begins 1960 • Northern plan to unify the country • Revolt in the South: • National Liberation Front (NLF) or the Vietcong • Guerilla warfare • Took control of the countryside • Ho Chi Minh Trail: Armies from the North move South

  42. Ho Chi Minh Trail

  43. US involvement • Gulf of Tonkin, 1965: • Justification to go to war (Pres. Johnson) • Stated that N. Vietnamese boats had attacked 2 US destroyers • In fact, it is likely that no attack took place • Obstacles to victory: • Jungle fighting • Tunnels

  44. Results • Anti-war feeling at home • Vietnamization: Giving more responsibility for the fighting to the Vietnamese • Tet Offensive, 1968 • My Lai • US leaves the war in 1974; in 1975 S. Vietnamese gov’t. falls to N. Vietnam

  45. Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot in Cambodia • Communist rebels • Pol Pot murdered 2 million people

  46. “Third World” • Industrialized, capitalist nations: 1st world • Communist nations: 2nd world • Developing nations: 3rd world • Asia, Africa, Latin America, Middle East • “Nonaligned” • Not with either side

  47. Third World Research • Cuba: • Revolution • Missile Crisis • Bay of Pigs • Nicaraguan Civil War • Iranian Revolution • Soviets in Afghanistan

  48. Journal #41 • Imagine you’ve gotten into an argument with your best friend and now you are in a “cold war.” • How could you “relax the tensions” between the two of you?

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