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SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM. The body is made of cells. Cells group together to form tissues, which join to make organs. . Organs are tissues joined together to perform specific functions, such as the heart, kidneys, and lungs. . When different organs join together, they are called organ systems.

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SKELETAL SYSTEM

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  1. SKELETAL SYSTEM

  2. The body is made of cells.

  3. Cells group together to form tissues, which join to make organs.

  4. Organs are tissues joined together to perform specific functions, such as the heart, kidneys, and lungs.

  5. When different organs join together, they are called organ systems.

  6. There are 9 main organ systems in the human body.

  7. digestive excretory circulatory respiratory reproductive nervous muscular endocrine skeletal

  8. The nervous system includes the spinal cord and the brain.

  9. The vertebrae are bony structures that create the spine.

  10. V E R T E B R A E

  11. They form a protective shield for the spinal cord.

  12. spinal cord vertebrae

  13. the brain

  14. The brain has 4 basic parts • cerebellum • cerebrum • brain stem • hypothalamus

  15. The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain. It is divided into two halves.

  16. The left side mainly controls language and speech

  17. The right side controls math and music.

  18. The cerebellum controls balance, posture, and coordination.

  19. At the top of the spinal cord is the brain stem.

  20. The brain stem controls involuntary actions such as breathing, swallowing, heart contractions, digestion, and movement of blood through various vessels.

  21. The medulla is an enlarged area of the brain stem. It controls the function of internal organs.

  22. The hypothalamus controls blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, hunger, thirst, and emotions.

  23. Muscular System

  24. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to allow movement of our bodies.

  25. There are 3 types of muscles.

  26. smooth • involuntary muscles • long, thin, pointed at each end • form into sheets • examples: intestines, stomach

  27. smooth muscle

  28. skeletal • voluntary • joined in bundles • cylinder shaped

  29. skeletal muscle

  30. cardiac • involuntary • heart muscle

  31. cardiac muscle

  32. Muscles receive nerve signals to work. When a message is sent, a muscle contracts or gets smaller. When the message stops, the muscle relaxes.

  33. Flexor muscles bend body joints. Extensor muscles straighten body joints.

  34. Flexor and extensor muscles usually work in pairs.

  35. If a movement is not caused by bending or straightening a body joint, it is called abduction or adduction.

  36. Abduction is when movement away from the body occurs. Adduction involves moving toward the body.

  37. Some muscles are attached to bones by tendons. They are non-elastic and firmly join bones together.

  38. Others are attached by ligaments. They are elastic tissues that attach bone to bone in moveable joints.

  39. The skeletal system has 5 functions • shape and support the body • allows movements • protect tissues and organs • store certain materials • produce blood cells

  40. Bones are living tissues and contains cells, nerves, and blood vessels.

  41. The primary function of bones is to support and give shape to the body and to provide protection for the soft internal structures.

  42. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton.

  43. axial skeletonskull, vertebrae, ribs, sternumappendicular skeleton arms and legs

  44. Bones start as soft, flexible cartilage and gradually harden into hard bone over a period of several years.

  45. A bone is like a tube. The outside is made of hard, dense compact bone.

  46. A living skin called periosteum covers the bone.

  47. Inside is a jelly-like tissue called marrow.There are 2 types of marrow found in bones.

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