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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. Chapter 7 Continued. The skeleton is divided into two portions: AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR SKELETON. Axial skeleton. Contains all parts of the skeleton that support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk Skull

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System Chapter 7 Continued

  2. The skeleton is divided into two portions: • AXIAL SKELETON • APPENDICULAR SKELETON

  3. Axial skeleton • Contains all parts of the skeleton that support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk • Skull • Hyoid supports tongue for speaking and swallowing • Vertebral column (all vertebrae and sacrum and coccyx) • Thoracic cage (sternum and ribs)

  4. Appendicular skeleton • Consists of upper and lower limbs AND the bones that anchor those limbs to the axial skeleton • Upper limbs (arms) – Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges • Pectoral girdle (scapula, clavicle) • Lower limbs (legs) – Femur, fibula, tibia, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges • Pelvic girdle – two Coxa (hip bones)

  5. Vertebral column Cervical vertebrae – neck curvature Thoracic vertebrae – attached to rib cage Lumbar vertebrae – lower back curvature

  6. Abnormal spine curvature Lordosis – “Swayback”; the spine curves significantly inward at the lower back

  7. Abnormal Spine Curvature Kyphosis - “Humpback”; abnormally rounded upper back

  8. Abnormal Spine Curvature Scoliosis – sideways or “S-shaped” curve to the spine

  9. Types of Fractures • 1. Simple/Closed – bone breaks, but does not damage surrounding tissue • 2. Compound/Open – bone breaks and breaks through the skin • 3. Greenstick – incomplete break and the bone bends • 4. Comminuted – fragmented and shattered break • 5. Stress/hairline – small crack caused by repeated impact

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