1 / 21

Skeletal System

Skeletal System. Chp. 5. Skeletal System Composed of 3 Types of Connective Tissue. Recall that connective tissue consists of a matrix with cells suspended w/in it--the type of matrix & cells determine type of tissue. Bones - hard elements of skeleton.

ziazan
Télécharger la présentation

Skeletal System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Skeletal System Chp. 5

  2. Skeletal SystemComposed of 3 Types of Connective Tissue Recall that connective tissue consists of a matrix with cells suspended w/in it--the type of matrix & cells determine type of tissue. • Bones- hard elements of skeleton. • Ligaments - dense, fibrous connective tissue that serves to bind bone-to-bone. • Cartilage - collagen & elastin fibers suspended in gel-like matrix [ground substance].

  3. 5 Functions of Bones • Support • Movement • Protection • Formation of blood cells • Mineral storage

  4. Skeletal Systemcont. 1. Bone: hard inorganic matrix of calcium salts • Compact Bone: • Dense - extracellular deposits of calcium phosphate matrix w/ living cells • Osteocytes- living mature bone cells that maintain structure of bone • forms shafts & covers ends of long bones • filled with yellow marrow • Yellow marrow = Primarily fat for energy reserves • Contains blood vessels & nerves

  5. Skeletal Systemcont. b. Spongy Bone: • porous bone found inside enlarged knobby ends of bones [knob = epiphysis] • Internal latticework makes bones lighter & stronger • Trabeculae = latticework of bones made of calcium minerals + living cells • red marrow - found in spaces of trabeculae w/in long bones of upper arms & legs Stem cells w/in red marrow produce RBC’s

  6. Osteons [Haversian Systems]Cylindrical Structures (see text Fig 5.1) Osteons - as compact bone develops & hardens (ossifies) the osteocytes are trapped in hollow chambers within cylindrical osteons in such a way as to maintain contact with other osteocytes yet provide them a strong matrix to support them. Blood vessels traveling through the central Haversian canal feed the osteocytes via cell-to-cell diffusion. Waste products Diffuse away from cells, back to blood vessels.

  7. Periosteum Tough Connective Tissue covering bones • Contains bone formingOsteoblast cells

  8. * * Structure of Bone * Human Biology Figure 5.1 *Make note of these

  9. Cartilage and Ligaments Cartilage - fibers of cartilage & elastin in gel-like matrix Function: support Types: • Fibrocartilage - between vertebral disks, in knee joint • Hyaline - embryonic “model” for bones, covers ends of mature bones found in joints. • Elastic cartilage - outer ear, part of epiglottis Ligaments- attach bone to bone

  10. Bone Development[see Fig. 5.2 from text] Prenatal: cartilage model Fetus: some conversion to bone Childhood: primary & secondary ossification sites formed Adolescence: cartilage growth plate elongates

  11. Bone Development (cont.) Figure 5.2

  12. Mature Bone Remodeling and Repair Changes in: (1) shape, (2) size, (3) strength • Dependent on diet, exercise, age Bone cells regulated by hormones • Parathyroid hormone (PTH): removes calcium from bone • Calcitonin: adds calcium to bone Repair: hematoma and callus formation

  13. Skeletal System: Frontal View Blue = Axial Skeleton [skull,vertebral column, ribs, Sternum] Black = Appendicular Skleton [pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, limbs] Figure 5.5

  14. Axial Skeleton: The Skull [Just make note of the number of bones in the skull] Figure 5.6

  15. Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column 5 areas of Axial skeleton: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, scarum, coccyx Figure 5.7

  16. Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column (cont.) Vertebral column • Regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal • Intervertebral disks: cushion vertebrae; assist in movement, flexibility Ribs • Twelve pairs • Bottom two pair floating Sternum: Breastbone • Three bones fused

  17. Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral girdle: shoulder • Clavicle, scapulas Pelvic girdles: hip • Coxal bones, sacrum, pubis, ilium, ischium Limbs • Arms: humerus, radius, ulna, wrist and hand bones • Legs: femur, tibia, fibula, ankle and foot bones

  18. Joints (Articulations) Classified by degree of movement • Fibrous joint: immovable (e.g., fontanels) • Cartilagenous joint: slightly movable, cartilage connection (e.g., backbone) • Synovial joint: freely movable (e.g., knee)

  19. Synovial Joints Figure 5.12A

  20. Synovial Joints (cont.) Joint capsule: synovial membrane + hyaline cartilage Synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid as lubricant Hyaline cartilage cushions

  21. Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System Sprains: stretched or torn ligaments Bursitis and tendinitis: inflammation of bursae or tendons Arthritis: inflammation of joints

More Related