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Organic and Inorganic Substances

Organic and Inorganic Substances. PS-3.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties. Organic Compounds. Compounds mostly found in living things and containing the element carbon. Carbon.

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Organic and Inorganic Substances

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  1. Organic and Inorganic Substances PS-3.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties.

  2. Organic Compounds • Compounds mostly found in living things and containing the element carbon.

  3. Carbon • It has 4 electrons in its outer energy level, so it can form four covalent bonds with atoms of carbon or other elements.

  4. Carbon • It can link together with other carbon atoms in many different arrangements, like chains, branched chains, or rings. • It can from single, double, or triple bonds. • It can bond with atoms of other elements such as hydrogen and oxygen.

  5. Hydrocarbon • Compound made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms • Produce more than 90% of the energy humans use • Examples: • Methane (CH4) used for natural gas • Propane (C3CH8) used in outdoor grills and heaters in hot air balloons

  6. Hydrocarbon • Form long chain molecules called polymers. • Used to make plastics and synthetic fibers. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QyRu3Ume7v8/SK8X4YkzxyI/AAAAAAAAABk/5fDKnc4KeWo/s400/polymers3.jpg

  7. Biological Polymers • Huge, chain-like molecules that are found in living organisms. • Types of Biological Polymers • Nucleic acids • Proteins • Lipids • Carbohydrates

  8. Biological Compounds Proteins • Large organic polymers formed from organic monomers called amino acids. • Contains –NH2 and -COOH groups • Proteins make up your muscles, tendons, hair, and fingernails. • Your body breaks down the proteins into their amino acid monomers. Your body then uses these amino acid monomers to make new proteins.

  9. Protein / Amino Acids http://www.hcc.mnscu.edu/chem/V.27/amino_acid_structure.jpg

  10. Biological Compounds Nucleic acids • Organic polymers formed from monomers called nucleotides. • Control the activities and reproduction of cells. • Included RNA and DNA http://files.turbosquid.com/Preview/Content_on_9_27_2005_19_43_31/dna_all.jpg8f81b400-55aa-4126-94c0-6e3ead009a2cLarge.jpg

  11. Biological Compounds Carbohydrates • compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1 • Sugars provide quick energy soon after eating. • Starches are polymers made of monomers of the sugar glucose.

  12. Carbohydrates http://campus.northpark.edu/biology/cell/Carbohydrates2.gif

  13. Biological Compounds Lipids • Includes fats and oils • Contains same elements as carbohydrates, but in different proportions. • The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is greater than 2:1 • Provides long term energy storage

  14. Lipids http://www.expeditionfoods.com/images/pictures/diag3.gif

  15. Inorganic Substances and Potential Uses • Copper is ductile and conducts electricity, so it is used for wiring. • Aluminum has a low density compared to substance with similar strength so it is used in making airplanes. • Water is a good solvent, so it is used to wash clothes.

  16. http://www.tracy.k12.ca.us/whssci/Haut/AP%20Biology/AP%20Handouts/summer%20assignment%20review%20worksheet-2008.pdfhttp://www.tracy.k12.ca.us/whssci/Haut/AP%20Biology/AP%20Handouts/summer%20assignment%20review%20worksheet-2008.pdf

  17. Biological Compounds

  18. Biological Compounds

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