1. Organic and Inorganic Substances PS-3.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties.

2. Organic Compounds • Compounds mostly found in living things and containing the element carbon.

3. Carbon • It has 4 electrons in its outer energy level, so it can form four covalent bonds with atoms of carbon or other elements.

4. Carbon • It can link together with other carbon atoms in many different arrangements, like chains, branched chains, or rings. • It can from single, double, or triple bonds. • It can bond with atoms of other elements such as hydrogen and oxygen.

5. Hydrocarbon • Compound made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms • Produce more than 90% of the energy humans use • Examples: • Methane (CH4) used for natural gas • Propane (C3CH8) used in outdoor grills and heaters in hot air balloons

6. Hydrocarbon • Form long chain molecules called polymers. • Used to make plastics and synthetic fibers. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QyRu3Ume7v8/SK8X4YkzxyI/AAAAAAAAABk/5fDKnc4KeWo/s400/polymers3.jpg

7. Biological Polymers • Huge, chain-like molecules that are found in living organisms. • Types of Biological Polymers • Nucleic acids • Proteins • Lipids • Carbohydrates

8. Biological Compounds Proteins • Large organic polymers formed from organic monomers called amino acids. • Contains –NH2 and -COOH groups • Proteins make up your muscles, tendons, hair, and fingernails. • Your body breaks down the proteins into their amino acid monomers. Your body then uses these amino acid monomers to make new proteins.

9. Protein / Amino Acids http://www.hcc.mnscu.edu/chem/V.27/amino_acid_structure.jpg

10. Biological Compounds Nucleic acids • Organic polymers formed from monomers called nucleotides. • Control the activities and reproduction of cells. • Included RNA and DNA http://files.turbosquid.com/Preview/Content_on_9_27_2005_19_43_31/dna_all.jpg8f81b400-55aa-4126-94c0-6e3ead009a2cLarge.jpg

11. Biological Compounds Carbohydrates • compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1 • Sugars provide quick energy soon after eating. • Starches are polymers made of monomers of the sugar glucose.

12. Carbohydrates http://campus.northpark.edu/biology/cell/Carbohydrates2.gif

13. Biological Compounds Lipids • Includes fats and oils • Contains same elements as carbohydrates, but in different proportions. • The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is greater than 2:1 • Provides long term energy storage

14. Lipids http://www.expeditionfoods.com/images/pictures/diag3.gif

15. Inorganic Substances and Potential Uses • Copper is ductile and conducts electricity, so it is used for wiring. • Aluminum has a low density compared to substance with similar strength so it is used in making airplanes. • Water is a good solvent, so it is used to wash clothes.

16. http://www.tracy.k12.ca.us/whssci/Haut/AP%20Biology/AP%20Handouts/summer%20assignment%20review%20worksheet-2008.pdfhttp://www.tracy.k12.ca.us/whssci/Haut/AP%20Biology/AP%20Handouts/summer%20assignment%20review%20worksheet-2008.pdf

17. Biological Compounds

18. Biological Compounds