Cognitive Radio & Networks in Intelligent Vehicular Systems (IVS) and High-Speed Rail (HSR) Applications: Issues, Ch

1. Cognitive Radio & Networks in Intelligent Vehicular Systems (IVS) and High-Speed Rail (HSR) Applications: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities By T. Russell Hsing (幸 多), PhD Executive Director, Telematics and M2M Communications Research Department Telcordia Technologies, Inc. (A Ericsson company since Jan. 12, 2012) Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Email: thsing190@gmail.com Friday, March 2, 2012, Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)

2. Outline • Introduction • Connected Vehicles & High-Speed Trains with Communications Infrastructures • Key Objectives for Intelligent Vehicular Networks • Cognitive Radio: Definition and major functions • Cognitive Radio Features vs Vehicular Telematics Services • Wireless Technologies for High-Speed Rail (HSR) App. • Intelligent Vehicle Systems & Telematics Applications • Major Challenges in both IVS and HSR Applications

3. Transportation and Communications 2000BC 3500BC 1769 1885 1965 MAGLEV 2000 2025

4. GSM 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G Cellular Wireless Technologies Evolution EDGE LTE (E-UTRAN HSPA NMT W-CDMA (UMTS) HSDPA GPRS HSUPA TACS TD-SCDMA (China) 3GPP D-AMPS (IS54/136) AMPS CDMA (IS-95) 1xEV-D0 Rev C 1xEV-D0 Rev 0/A/B 1xRTT 3GPP2 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011

5. Virtual Private Network Internet Internet The Connected Vehicle Paradigm Data Consumers Data Analysis Center Satellite Network Operations Center Terrestrial Entertainment Portal Content Providers PeerNetworking Hot Spots & Roadside Equipment

6. Key Objectives for Intelligent Vehicle Systems - Safety- Traffic Congestion & Environment (i.e. Energy)- Mobility Applications- Privacy-Preserving Secured Communication

7. Cognitive Radio (1 of 2) • Cognitive Radio ~ SDR + Cognitive Engine • Definition of Cognition: the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things. (from Collins Cobuild Dictionary) • Fundamental Problems: • Cognitive Procedures • Technology Enablers

8. Cognitive Radio (2 of 2) • The Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers (IEEE): The IEEE-USA Board of Directors released a position statement in 2003 that states the following: “A cognitive radio is a radio frequency transmitter/receiver that is designed to intelligently detect whether a particular segment of the radio spectrum is currently in use, and to jump into (and out of, as necessary) the temporarily-unused spectrum very rapidly, without interfering with the transmissions of other authorized users. CR is a relatively new technology, so we recognize that both technical and policy questions must be answered before full CR implementation can proceed.”

9. Vehicular Telematics Services Safety, SPaT applications involving V2V & V2R communicaiton End-to-End Telematics including V2I communication Roadside services, Toll collections, Information ,Entertainment, etc Cognitive Radio Features Spectral congestion avoidance, power control, opportunistic utilization Dynamic spectrum access, optimized modulation, rate, beam pattern for improved efficiency Inter-operability among varing communication devices Cognitive Radio Features and Vehicular Telematics Services

10. Using Cognitive Radio for IVS and Telematics Applications • Challenges: • Enable reliable communications that would allow to serve the variety of applications • Provide support for diversified mobility patterns and road environments • Very short delays required (<100ms) • Integration of in-car devices, V2V and V2I communication devices • Open research topics: • Cognitive Networking – self-organizing, adaptable protocol stacks, network configuration and management in dynamically changing environment • Spectrum coordinationt to support high amount of high priority traffic for safety communications • SDRs as a platform for V2V and V2I communications

11. LTE for Vehicle CommunicationsMaking the Roads Safer and Sooner

12. LTE for SPAT Applications SPAT Server MAP, SPAT, and Vehicle Movement Information over LTE MAP, SPAT, and Vehicle Movement Information over LTE Wired or Wireless Network Traffic Signal Controller • No need for RSUs at most intersections • Breaks the dilemma of “who is going to invest in the DSRC infrastructure? • Potentially lower costs (technology and devices shared for other cellular apps)

13. Potential Challenges • Scalability, reliability, and high availability • Support millions of vehicles or billions of devices • Various types of devices and applications • Security • Authentication and access control • Data protection and validation • Privacy guarantee • Automatics service provisioning • Numbering and addressing

14. The role of wireless technologies in High Speed Rail (HSR) • Train Control System • Data transmission • Required high reliabilityand security • Communication System • Voice communication • Train crews and operation center • Data transmission • Diagnostics, CCTV or etc. • Passenger service • Wi-Fi connecting to Internet

15. Current status of HSR

16. *Potential Challenges of using Wireless Access Technologies for HSR • Train Control • In a few decades or later, many train control systems in the world not only for HSR may replace all radio transmission facilities, less cables and less facilities along tracks • USA, Europe: CBTC (Communication Based Train Control), refer to IEEE 1474 • However, requires more intelligent radio software, in particular for HSR • Requires further wide frequency bands and further securable and reliable transmission for safety operation • For instance, Cognitive Radio or to use White space technologies • Passenger Service • Also requires intelligent radio software • Larger needs to connect Web in the trains, and also larger amount of communication due to rich contents • Convenient for competing airplane • Requires satellite to connect Web in an airplane *These are speakar’s (Shinichi Takeda) personal opinions only, not the positions, strategies or opinions from Central Japan Railway

17. Autonomic Cooperative Networking for ITS/Telematics • Idea of the application of Autonomic Cooperative Networking to Vehicular Systems Physical Cooperative Transmission with Relay Nodes Example Telematic Application Multi-hop Cooperative Data Routing over Virtual Antenna Arrays formed by RNs (MPRs) Routing with Network Layer Multi-Point Relays

18. Overall Major Challenges for Both of IVS and HSR - Technologies Standards Government Regulatory New Business Model and Pricing Mechanism

19. Why Cognitive Radio (IEEE 802.22) and Telematics Standards Are Important ? • Deliver standards for transportation connectivity • Enable an interoperable ITS by cooperating with a broad stakeholder community to ensure: • Standards development is a participatory process • Resulting standards are • Acceptable • Relevant to marketplace • Meeting public/consumer needs

20. Cognitive Radio & Networks >> >> IVS & HSR >> ITS/ Telematics Opp .NET .CAR & Train .ROAD Critical Data& Situational Awareness Communications Node & In-Car (Train) Network Connectivity& Services Ubiquitous Telematics Services

23. Gracias ! Dziekuje ! 謝謝! Thank You !