1. CHAPTER 3:THEORY OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT “Keeping together is progress; Working together is success.” Henry Ford

2. Contents • Defining and Classifying Groups • The Five-Stage Model of Group Development • Factors Affecting Group Development • Developing Organizational Trust • The Group Decision-Making Process

3. Introduction • After reading this chapter, you should have knowledge about the following: 1. The classification of groups and why people join them 2. The five stages of group development 3. Factors that impact effective group development 4. The importance of developing trust within a group or organization 5. Group decision making and its by-products • We will examine the basic concepts regarding groups and demonstrate how an understanding of groups can help leaders function more effectively

4. Defining and Classifying Groups

5. Work Group • Interacts to share information • Decisions help each member perform within own area • Does not engage in collective work that requires everyone’s participation • Performance is the sum total of each member’s contribution

6. Work Teams • Individuals with complementary skills working towards a common result • Positive synergy: group’s performance > sum of individual inputs • Leader = project manager • Takes full advantage of each member’s strengths • Ensures that characteristics of a successful team are present in members

7. When a Group Becomes a Team • Shared leadership • Accountability shared by the team as a whole • Responsibility shared equally among members • Mission and goals developed by the team itself vs. outside source • Continual work vs. at regularly scheduled times • Effectiveness measured in team vs. individual outcomes

8. The Five-Stage Model of Group Development

9. Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning

10. Forming • Group members: • Have just been introduced • Familiarizing themselves • “Testing the waters” • Uncertainty about the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership

11. Storming • Infighting • Quite volatile • Conflict, open rebellion, power struggles • Acceptance of the existence of the group but resistance of the constraints • Conflict over who will lead • Completion: • + Hierarchy of team leadership • - Some groups never completely emerge

12. Norming • Development of: • Close relationships • Cohesiveness and cooperation • Group identity • Camaraderie • Increased organization • Development of norms • Acceptable standards of behaviour, goals, or values • Completion: • Solid group structure • Recognition of norms

13. Performing • Significant task progress being accomplished • Coming together well to perform individual functions • Team structure completely functional and acceptable • Leader’s ultimate goal

14. Adjourning • In temporary work teams • Assigned task completed • Disbandment • Wrapping up activities replace task performance • Members: • Happy the job has been completed OR • Sense of loss of the team camaraderie OR • Reforming – begin different project