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Understanding Rocks: Formation, Classification, and the Rock Cycle

This study guide explores the basics of geology, focusing on how geologists define rocks and classify them into three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It delves into the rock cycle and the processes that transform rocks, such as heat, pressure, weathering, and erosion. Learn about the characteristics of mafic and felsic rocks, the concepts of viscosity, and the distinctions between intrusive and extrusive textures. This guide also explains various geological formations like laccoliths, batholiths, dikes, and sills.

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Understanding Rocks: Formation, Classification, and the Rock Cycle

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  1. Chapter 6.1/6.2 Study Guide

  2. #1 • How do geologist define “rock” • Group of mineral bound together.

  3. #2 • How are rock classified? • Rocks are classified by the process in which they are formed

  4. #3 • What are the three main types of rock? • 1) Igneous • 2) Sedimentary • 3) Metamorphic

  5. #4 • Heat and Pressure

  6. #5 • Weathering and Erosion

  7. #6 • Melting

  8. #7 • What is the rock cycle • The rock cycle is a gradual repeating series of events by which rock gradually change from one another.

  9. #8 • Multiple Answers

  10. #9 • Other than heat and pressure, what can cause a rock to change into metamorphic

  11. #10 • How can sediments form other than weathering? • Precipitation and organic material

  12. #11 • All igneous rock are classified according to two things… • 1) origin • 2) Mineral Content

  13. #12 • What 5 characteristics do a mafic rock have? • Low silica • Dark color • Runny • Hot • Dense

  14. #13 • What is viscosity? • Resistance to flow

  15. #14 • What material is most viscous? • felsic

  16. #15 • What 5 characteristics does a felsic magma have? • High silica • Light color • Thick • Cool • Less dense

  17. #16 • What is another word for intrusive • Plutonic

  18. #17 • What is another word for extrusive? • Volcanic

  19. #18 • What type of texture will intrusive have • Coarse

  20. #19 • What type of texture will a lava flow have? • Fine-grained

  21. #20 • Explain the process by which prophyritic texture forms. • Cooling will begin intrusively. There will then be an interruption in the cooing process (Eruption event). Material will be exposed above the surface cooling the rest of the rock extrusive.

  22. #21 • All rocks with gas holes in them are going to have what texture? • Glassy

  23. #22 • Give an example of glassy texture in the gabbro family • Basaltic glass

  24. #23 • Give an example of fine textured rock in granite family. • Rhyolite

  25. #24 • Give fine grained rock in diorite family • Andesite

  26. #25 • All rock families are named after.. • Coarse grained family

  27. #26 • Give an example of ultramafic… • Peridoitie

  28. #27 • Example of pure felsite • Rhyolite

  29. #28

  30. #29

  31. #30 • Has Intermediated amount of silica. Contains both felsic and mafic material

  32. #31 • Laccolith's are "blister-like" sills that are found below a volcano. In other words it is like a little mountain of magma below a volcano. A batholith is huge pool of magma with no visible bottom that is located below a laccolith.

  33. #32 • Dikes- vertical intrusions • Sills- Horizontal Intrusions

  34. #33 • A large igneous intrusion but smaller than a batholith. Usually less than 100 kilometers

  35. #34 • Plutons

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