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Study Guide for AHSGE Biology Edition

Study Guide for AHSGE Biology Edition. By: Desaree Jackson. Standard 1. Select appropriate laboratory glassware, balances, time measuring equipment, and optical instruments to conduct an experiment. Laboratory Equipment. Identify and State the Uses of Common Lab Tools. Lab Tool: BALANCE.

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Study Guide for AHSGE Biology Edition

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  1. Study Guide for AHSGE Biology Edition By: Desaree Jackson By: Desaree Jackson

  2. Standard 1 Select appropriate laboratory glassware, balances, time measuring equipment, and optical instruments to conduct an experiment. By: Desaree Jackson

  3. LaboratoryEquipment Identify and State the Uses of Common Lab Tools By: Desaree Jackson

  4. Lab Tool: BALANCE TYPES: 1.) Triple Beam Balance 2.) Equal Arm Balance USE: To measure mass in SI. Unit of Measurement: Kilograms (kg) or grams (g) By: Desaree Jackson

  5. Lab Tool: Beaker USE: As a container, like a cup. Unit of Measurement: Liters (L) or milliliters (mL) By: Desaree Jackson

  6. Lab Tool: BUNSEN BURNER USE: To heat chemicals and solutions in beakers or test tubes. By: Desaree Jackson

  7. Lab Tool: Cork USE: To close test tubes. By: Desaree Jackson

  8. Lab Tool: Cover Slip USE: Covers specimen on microscope slide. By: Desaree Jackson

  9. Lab Tool: DISSECTING PROBE USE: As a pointer or to hold objects. By: Desaree Jackson

  10. Lab Tool: DROPPER USE: To transfer small amounts of liquid. By: Desaree Jackson

  11. Lab Tool: ERLENMEYER FLASK USES: As a cup, like a cup with a narrow neck. By: Desaree Jackson

  12. Lab Tool: FORCEPS USE: Used to pick up and hold objects in lab By: Desaree Jackson

  13. Lab Tool: FUNNEL USE: To hold filter paper or guiding small amounts of liquid in pouring. By: Desaree Jackson

  14. Lab Tool: GRADUATED CYLINDER USE: To measure volume. Unit of Measurement: Liters (L) or milliliters (mL) By: Desaree Jackson

  15. Lab Tool: HOT PLATE USE: To warm or heat objects By: Desaree Jackson

  16. Lab Tool: INNOCULATING LOOP USES: To spread and place bacterial specimen on agar. By: Desaree Jackson

  17. Lab Tools:IRON RING& RING STAND USE: To fasten to the ring stand as a support for items. By: Desaree Jackson

  18. Lab Tool: METER STICK USE: To measure distance in SI. Unit of Measurement: Meter (m) By: Desaree Jackson

  19. Lab Tool: MICROSCOPE USE: To observe small specimens By: Desaree Jackson

  20. Lab Tool:MORTAR & PESTLE USE: To grind chemicals into a powder. By: Desaree Jackson

  21. Lab Tool: PETRI DISH USE: Used to grow and hold bacterial specimen. By: Desaree Jackson

  22. Lab Tool: PIPETTE USE: To transfer small amounts of in a titration. By: Desaree Jackson

  23. Lab Tool: SCALPEL USE: To cut items. By: Desaree Jackson

  24. Lab Tool: SLIDE USE: To hold specimen being studied under a microscope. By: Desaree Jackson

  25. Lab Tool: SPATULA USE: To transfer solid chemicals in weighing like a spoon. By: Desaree Jackson

  26. Lab Tool: STIRRING ROD USES: To stir combinations of fluids and to use in pouring liquids. By: Desaree Jackson

  27. Lab Tool: STOPPER USE: To close and contain items in a test tube. By: Desaree Jackson

  28. Lab Tool: STRIKER USE: To ignite the Bunsen burner and start a flame. By: Desaree Jackson

  29. Lab Tool: TEST TUBE USES: Many uses such as a container. By: Desaree Jackson

  30. Lab Tool: TEST TUBE CLAMP USES: To hold apparatus, may be fastened to the ring stand. By: Desaree Jackson

  31. Lab Tool: TEST TUBE BRUSH USES: Cleans glass items By: Desaree Jackson

  32. Lab Tool: TEST TUBE HOLDER USES: Holds test tubes By: Desaree Jackson

  33. Lab Tool:TEST TUBE RACK USES: Holds test tubes. By: Desaree Jackson

  34. Lab Tool: THERMOMETER USES: To measure temperature. By: Desaree Jackson

  35. Lab Tool: TONGS USE: to pick up and hold hot items. By: Desaree Jackson

  36. Lab Tool: WIRE GAUZE USES: To spread the heat of a flame and hold items. By: Desaree Jackson

  37. Lab Tool: WATCH GLASS USES: As a beaker cover or in evaporating small amounts of liquids. By: Desaree Jackson

  38. Standard 2 Describe cell processes necessary for achieving homeostasis, including active and passive transport, osmosis, diffusion, exocytosis and endocytosis. By: Desaree Jackson

  39. Homeostasis • Maintaining a constant internal environment. • Sweating is one way the body tries to achieve homeostasis. By: Desaree Jackson

  40. Cellular Transport • Passive transport: requires no energy • Diffusion: compounds move from high to low concentration • Osmosis: diffusion of water • Hypotonic solutions cause water to move into the cell so the cell swells up • Hypertonic solutions cause water to move out of the cell so the cell shrivels up • Isotonic solutions cause no net movement of water into or out of the cell • Active transport: requires energy • Endocytosis: large compound are brought into the cell • Exocytosis: large compounds are exported out of the cell By: Desaree Jackson

  41. Passive Transport vs. Active Transport By: Desaree Jackson

  42. Diffusion By: Desaree Jackson

  43. By: Desaree Jackson

  44. By: Desaree Jackson

  45. By: Desaree Jackson

  46. Standard 3 Identify reactants and products associated with photosynthesis and cellular respiration, and the purposes of these two processes. By: Desaree Jackson

  47. Photosynthesis • Process by which organisms use energy from sunlight to make their own food (glucose) • Glucose is a simple sugar • Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and some bacteria • Chloroplasts have a green pigment called chlorophyll • Steps of photosynthesis • 1. Light reaction: chlorophyll in the chloroplasts absorbs sunlight • 2. Dark reaction: The energy from the sunlight is used to make glucose • Light energy is completely changed into chemical energy (glucose) • Chemical equation for photosynthesis • 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy  C6H12O6 + O2 By: Desaree Jackson

  48. Cellular Respiration • Process that breaks down glucose in order to make energy for an organism • ATP: compound that stores energy in an organism • Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell • Two types of cellular respiration • Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen to occur • Mostly happens in animals and plants By: Desaree Jackson

  49. Photosynthesis Plants * use sunlight to make glucose * take in carbon dioxide * give off oxygen *carbon dioxide + water + sunlight  glucose + oxygen *6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Respiration • Animals and plants • * eat plants to get glucose • * take in oxygen • * give off carbon dioxide • *glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ATP • C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + chemical energy Graphic Organizer By: Desaree Jackson

  50. Standard 4 Describe similarities and differences of cell organelles, using diagrams and tables. By: Desaree Jackson

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