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The move to a heliocentric world view

The move to a heliocentric world view. 1. Scorpius. (Sept ‘99). MARS. Antares. southwest. Scorpius. (Sept ‘99). 4. 1. Antares. Scorpius. (Sept ‘99). 7. 4. 1. Antares. Scorpius. (Sept ‘99). 10. 7. 4. 1. Antares. Scorpius. (Sept ‘99). 13. 10. 7. 4. 1. Antares.

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The move to a heliocentric world view

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  1. The move to a heliocentric world view

  2. 1 Scorpius (Sept ‘99) MARS Antares southwest

  3. Scorpius (Sept ‘99) 4 1 Antares

  4. Scorpius (Sept ‘99) 7 4 1 Antares

  5. Scorpius (Sept ‘99) 10 7 4 1 Antares

  6. Scorpius (Sept ‘99) 13 10 7 4 1 Antares

  7. Scorpius (Sept ‘99) 16 13 10 7 4 1 Antares

  8. Scorpius (Sept ‘99) 19 16 13 10 7 4 1 Antares

  9. Scorpius Wanderers “planets” MercuryVenusMarsJupiterSaturn (Sept ‘99) 22 19 16 13 10 7 4 1 Antares

  10. Retrograde Motion

  11. Retrograde Motion

  12. The astronomer must try his utmost to explain celestial motions by the simplest possible hypothesis; but if he fails to do so do, he must choose whatever other hypotheses meet the case. -Ptolemy of Alexandria (140 A.D.)

  13. Ptolemy’s Epicycles Epicycle Deferent

  14. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  15. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  16. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  17. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  18. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  19. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  20. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  21. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  22. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  23. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  24. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  25. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  26. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  27. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  28. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  29. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  30. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  31. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  32. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  33. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  34. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  35. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  36. Ptolemy’s Epicycles

  37. Ptolemy’s Epicycles Where is retrograde motion?

  38. Maintaining the use of perfect circles and constant orbital rates, he invoked the use of epicycles moving on deferents.

  39. not quite right: modified the model with the Earth slightly off center

  40. Had to arbitrarily “peg” Mercury and Venus between Earth and Sun.

  41. Ptolemy to the Renaissance • Ptolemy’s work kept alive by Arab astronomers • DOMINATED FOR NEARLY 1500 YEARS!

  42. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) “A system of this sort seemed neither sufficiently absolute nor sufficiently pleasing to the mind.”

  43. De revolutionibus -1543 On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

  44. The Copernican Model • heliocentric (sun-centered) • stars are very far away • Earth rotates on axis • Earth revolves around Sun

  45. Pisces Aries Earth Gemini The Sun’s Apparent Motion Around the Ecliptic.

  46. Pisces Aries Earth Gemini The Sun’s Apparent Motion Around the Ecliptic.

  47. Pisces Aries Earth Gemini The Sun’s Apparent Motion Around the Ecliptic.

  48. Retrograde Motion

  49. Epicycles? Problem: Copernicus still could not predict the planet’s positions accurately with circular orbits. Solution: Re-introduce epicycles! Question: Is this any simpler?

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