Asia

1. Asia

2. SS7G10 • Ganges River runs through India and Bangladesh to the Bay of Bengal (Mother Ganges) • Ganges is sacred in Indian culture • Chemical, industrial, fertilizer, human, animal waste are polluting the Ganges • India’s use this river in everyday life

3. SS7G10 • Ganges Action Plan 1985 to help clean up the river • G.A.P. developed sewer and water treatment plants to clean up the Ganges • Growing population is too much for the clean-up to be effective • China’s longest river (Yangtze River) is almost 4,000 miles long

4. SS7G10 • Yangtze water is pumped out to surrounding areas for drinking, irrigation, and industrial uses • Sewage is pumped into the river daily (chemical and industrial waste and agricultural run-off) • Yangtze plant and animal life is disappearing

5. SS7G10 • Nitrogen and phosphates from chemicals lead to growth of “blue-green algae” (increases oxygen) • Contaminated fish are eaten by Chinese people • China is build water treatment plants and sanitary landfills • Three Gorges Dam is being built for hydroelectric power, but will have an effect on the environment

6. SS7G10 • Three Gorges is effecting plant and animal life • The dam was built in an earthquake zone of China • India and China’s air quality is poor in urban (city) areas • Overpopulation in urban areas is causing heavy air pollution

7. SS7G10 • Automobile emissions, industrial smoke, chemical dumping is causing pollution, human and animal waste, burning of fuels • Acid rain (sulfur dioxide), brown clouds (carbon monoxide), reduced rainfall, and increased temperatures are effects of air pollution in India and China • Economic and population growth of caused these issues to get worse

8. SS7G10 • Respiratory (lung, bronchial, and trachea) disease have been human effects from this pollution • Heart disease is an effect • 2008 Olympics forced China to implement rules/regulations to clean-up air quality • Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau was designed to improve air pollution

9. SS7G11 • India’s climate is diverse (snow and ice in the Himalayas, hot dry plains in the plateau areas, tropical along the coastlines) • The Deccan Plateau is in the center of the country where most people rely on agriculture and farming

10. SS7G11 • South and SE Asia experience a monsoon season each year (seasonal wind and rain) • Monsoons help the fertile land for farming • China has a cold climate in the SW mountain region, semi-arid desert (Gobi and Taklimakan), and tropical in the SE part of the country • Many people farm along the soil rich river valleys

11. SS7G11 • Japan is an island nation with a monsoon and typhoon season (cool in the north and tropical in the south) • North Korea will have mild summers and cold winters • South Korea will have an overall mild and temperate climate all year • Vietnam is primarily tropical and grows 90% of the worlds rice

12. SS7G11 • The Hindu Kush, Himalayas and Karakoram ranges separate India from the rest of the mainland of Asia • The Indus and Ganges River valleys are very important in sustaining life in India • Rivers provide trade routes, transportation, and irrigation…but overpopulation in Indian cities is causing the water resources to become scarce

13. SS7G11 • China is located between the Himalayan south and the Gobi desert in the north • Tibetan Plateau is located in the south of China • Most people in the desert areas are nomadic herders • Most populated regions are along the major rivers in the east

14. SS7G11 • Beijing is one of China’s industrial centers • Shanghai is a major port (trading) city in China • North Korea mines copper and coal in the mountain regions..along with hydroelectricity • South Korea has great farmland w/ 25% of people living around the capital (Seoul)

15. SS7G11 • 80% of Japan is covered with mountains • Japan has to import much of their food for the large population • There are many earthquakes and volcanoes in Japan (Ring of Fire) • Japanese are big into fishing • Japan has a very developed industrial economy

16. SS7G11 • Farmland is a major natural resource in southern and eastern Asia • India, China, N and S Korea all mine coal • N and S Korea have lead and zinc that they mine • Japan must depend of trading of their products to import items needed for survival

17. SS7H3 • Mohandas Gandhi had nationalism (belief that people should be loyal to those whom they share similar history, customs, and culture) for his country • The British colonized India for their access to trade routes and for resources (fine cotton, spices, salt) • Indians began to fight to end British colonialism around 1885

18. SS7H3 • Indian National Congress and Muslim League were formed to oppose colonialism in a self-governing and democratic fashion similar to western-ideals of government • Indians were forced fight in WWI for the British and still given little rights as citizens

19. SS7H3 • Indians began to protest the war and were arrested under the Rowlatt Act • Indians were also shot and fired on at Amritsar for protesting (400 killed) • Gandhi began to teach and protest British laws and refuse following these laws due to unjust treatment • Gandhi used civil disobedience to show the world of the unjust British laws and ruling

20. SS7H3 • Gandhi encourage boycotts of British goods and working for the British industries • 1935 British began to give back power to Indians under the Government of India Act, but India refused under the offer to help fight in WWII (Muslim League did help)

21. SS7H3 • After WWII India became independent • India would be divided between Muslims (East and West Pakistan) and India (Hindu) • 1947 official British ruled ended in India due to religious nationalism in the region • Gandhi also fought for apartheid in South Africa, which led to his protest of the caste system in India

22. SS7H3 • Gandhi would become known as Mahatma (Great Soul) • Gandhi would use non-violence (Satyagraha) to oppose unjust laws and to encourage peace and equality after British colonialism ended • Gandhi protested by fasting, long marches, boycotts (salt)Gandhi’s protested British colonialism, ending of the caste system, and peace b/t Hindu and Muslim

23. SS7H3 • USA was concerned with the “domino theory”…the spread of Communism to surround countries in Asia from China’s influence • Korea was one of the first in this concern • USA was also upset about the Yalta Agreement being violated by the Soviet Union concerning Communism in surrounding countries of Europe and Asia

24. SS7H3 • The Cold War began…no fighting • Korea was divided into Communist North and free/Democratic South • War between the two countries broke out with an armistice (cease fire) ending the war and the two countries remaining their previous government

25. SS7H3 • French colonized in Indochina (Vietnam) • Ho Chi Minh was a general in Vietnamese nationalistic army to fight for independence from the European colonialists • He started the Vietminh League to fight and oppose colonialism..and in 1954 the French left Vietnam

26. SS7H3 • USA was concerned at the Geneva Conference that Ho Chi Minh was a Communist leader • Vietnam became a Communist north and USA led south • USA would become involved in a war to try to stop the Communist north from controlling the entire country

27. SS7H3 • Vietnam was deadly war because of its guerilla warfare fighting style • Vietnam war was extreme along the DMZ (de-militarized zone) 17th parallel • There was much debate over the USA involvement in this war