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Invasive Plants: Impact and Traits

Learn about invasive plants that thrive beyond their natural range, their traits, economic impacts, and common examples like Kudzu, Whitetop, Princess Tree, Japanese Honeysuckle, and Water Hyacinth.

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Invasive Plants: Impact and Traits

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  1. Invasive Species

  2. Definition • Invasive plants are introduced species that can thrive in areas beyond their natural range of growing. These plants are characteristically adaptable, aggressive, and have a high reproductive capacity. Their vigor combined with a lack of natural enemies often leads to outbreak populations. • Some invasive species are native species that naturally occur in a habitat but are experiencing a population explosion in response to an unnatural influence such as disturbance by humans (dandelions can cause economic harm even where they are native).

  3. Common Traits • Fast growth • Rapid reproduction • High dispersal ability • Phenotypic plasticity (the ability to alter one’s growth form to suit current conditions) • Tolerance of a wide range of environmental conditions • Ability to live off of a wide range of food types • Association with humans[

  4. Impact • Estimated economic impact of invasive species is more than $100 billion dollars each year. • Invasive species impact nearly half of the species currently listed as Threatened or Endangered under the U.S. Federal Endangered Species Act.

  5. Kudzu • Native to Asia • Introduced in late 1800s for erosion control • Crowds out native species • Currently grows all over the southeastern US

  6. Whitetop • Native to Eurasia • Introduced in early 1900s by accidental seed contamination. • Crowds out native species • Currently grows in Northwestern US

  7. Princess Tree • Native to China • Introduced in 1840 as an ornamental plant • Grows and produces seeds rapidly, and displaces native species in disturbed areas • Currently grows in Eastern, Southeastern and Midwestern US

  8. Japanese Honeysuckle • Native to Asia • Introduced in 1800s as an ornamental plant • Crowds out native species • Grows pretty much everywhere except the Northwestern US

  9. Water Hyacinth • Native to South America • Introduced in 1884 as an ornamental plant • Forms dense colonies that block sunlight, clog water intakes, and crowd out native species • Currently grows in FL, GA, LA, TX, and CA

  10. Some NYS Invasive Species • Black Swallow Wart • Brazilian Water-weed • European Bird Cherry • Kudzu • Floating Primrose Willow • Japanese Black Pine • Japanese Wisteria • Wineberry • Velvet-leaf • Yellow Foxglove • Rambler Rose • Water Chestnut • Marsh Thistle • Cup Plant

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