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Birth Defects

Birth Defects. Could it happen to Me? How do I make choices to avoid preventable birth defects?. Definition: An abnormally formed organ or body part. 4-6% of children under 5 are diagnosed. 33 out of every 1,000 babies born have one. Leading cause of prenatal and infant mortality in the US.

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Birth Defects

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  1. Birth Defects Could it happen to Me? How do I make choices to avoid preventable birth defects?

  2. Definition: An abnormally formed organ or body part. 4-6% of children under 5 are diagnosed. 33 out of every 1,000 babies born have one. Leading cause of prenatal and infant mortality in the US

  3. Causes • Genetic • Chromosome • Teratogenic: • must cross placenta and reach fetus • Dosage and duration of exposure must be enough to cause harm. • Must occur during organ formation • Multifactorial: genetic and environmental • Other: despite normal development.

  4. Developmental Periods of Pregnancy • Preimplantation • Embryonic or Germinal • Fetal

  5. Preimplantation (period of the ovum) • Ovulation and fertilization • First 2 weeks • Early miscarriage if something is wrong • “all or nothing”

  6. Embryonic Period • Week 3 to week 8 • First trimester • Most major birth defects occur here • By day 50

  7. Fetal Period • Third month until birth • 2nd & 3rd trimester • Tissue, organ, and rapid body growth • CNS still developing-teratogens

  8. Impact of Birth Defects • Medical • Emotional • Family • Financial/economic: A child born with spina bifida incurs a lifetime cost of $8.2 million dollars (1992)

  9. Birth Defects

  10. Terms • Anomaly: abnormality • Congenital: existing at birth • Perinatal: relating to the period shortly before and after birth • Prenatal: before birth • Teratogen: chemical agent or factor in the environment such as drugs, pollutants, or infections which harms the embryo or fetus.

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